Thursday, October 10, 2019

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 31-32

31 GOOD GUYS Augustus Brine, Travis, and Gian Hen Gian were squeezed into the seat of Brine's pickup. As they approached Effrom and Amanda's house, they spotted a beige Dodge parked in the driveway. â€Å"Do you know what kind of car they drive?† Travis asked. Brine was slowing down. â€Å"An old Ford, I think.† â€Å"Don't slow down. Keep going,† Travis said. â€Å"But why?† â€Å"I'd bet anything that Dodge is a police car. There's a whip antenna pinned down on the back.† â€Å"So what? You haven't done anything illegal.† Brine wanted to get it over with and get some sleep. â€Å"Keep going. I don't want to answer a lot of questions. We don't know what Catch has been doing. We can come back later, after the police leave.† The Djinn said, â€Å"He has a point, Augustus Brine.† â€Å"All right.† Brine gunned the pickup and sped by. In a few minutes they were sitting in Jenny's kitchen listening to the answering machine. They had gone in the back way to avoid the burnt, doughy mess in the front yard. â€Å"Well,† Travis said, resetting the machine, â€Å"that buys us a little time before we have to explain it to Jenny.† â€Å"Do you think Catch will come back here?† Brine asked. â€Å"I hope so,† Travis said. â€Å"Can't you concentrate your will on bringing him back until we can find out if Amanda still has the candlesticks?† â€Å"I've been trying. I don't understand this much more than you do.† â€Å"Well, I need a drink,† Brine said. â€Å"Is there anything in the house?† â€Å"I doubt it. Jenny said she couldn't keep anything in the house or her husband would drink it. She drank all the wine last night.† â€Å"Even some cooking sherry would be fine,† Brine said, feeling a little sleazy as he spoke. Travis began going through the cupboards. â€Å"Should you find a small quantity of salt, I would be most grateful,† the Djinn said. Travis found a box of salt among the spices and was handing it to the Djinn when the phone rang. They all froze and listened as the machine played Jenny's outgoing message. After the beep there was a pause, then a woman's voice. â€Å"Travis, pick up.† It was not Jenny. Travis looked to Brine. â€Å"No one knows I'm here.† â€Å"They do now. Pick it up.† Travis picked up the phone, and the answering machine clicked off. â€Å"This is Travis.† Brine watched the color drain out of the demonkeeper's face as he listened. â€Å"Is she all right?† Travis said into the phone. â€Å"Let me talk to her. Who are you? Do you know what you're getting yourself into?† Brine couldn't imagine what was going on in the conversation. Suddenly Travis screamed into the phone, â€Å"He's not an Earth spirit – he's a demon. How can you be so stupid?† Travis listened for a moment more, then looked at Augustus Brine and covered the receiver with his hand. â€Å"Do you know where there are some caves to the north of town?† â€Å"Yes,† Brine said, â€Å"the old mushroom farm.† Travis spoke into the phone, â€Å"Yes, I can find it. I'll be there at four.† He sat down hard on one of the kitchen chairs and let the phone fall into its cradle. â€Å"What's going on?† Brine demanded. Travis was shaking his head. â€Å"Some woman is holding Jennifer and Amanda and her husband hostage. Catch is with her and she has the candlesticks. And you were right, there are three invocations.† â€Å"I don't understand,† Brine said. â€Å"What does she want?† â€Å"She thinks that Catch is some kind of benevolent Earth spirit. She wants his power.† â€Å"Humans are so ignorant,† the Djinn said. â€Å"But what does she want with you?† Brine asked. â€Å"She has the candlesticks and the invocations.† â€Å"They're in Greek. They want me to translate the invocations or they'll kill Jenny.† â€Å"Let them,† the Djinn said. â€Å"Perhaps you can bring Catch under control with the woman dead.† Travis exploded. â€Å"They thought of that, you little troll! If I don't show up at four, they'll kill Jenny and destroy the invocation. Then we'll never be able to send Catch back.† Augustus Brine checked his watch. â€Å"We've got exactly an hour and a half to come up with a plan.† â€Å"Let us retire to the saloon and consider our options,† the Djinn said. 32 THE HEAD OF THE SLUG Augustus Brine led the way into the Head of the Slug. Travis followed, and Gian Hen Gian shuffled in last. The saloon was nearly empty: Robert was sitting at the bar, another man sat in the dark at a table in the back, and Mavis was behind the bar. Robert turned as they entered. When he saw Travis, he jumped off the stool. â€Å"You fucking asshole!† Robert screamed. He stormed toward Travis with his fist cocked for a knockout blow. He got four steps before Augustus Brine threw out a massive forearm that caught him in the forehead. There was a flash of tennis shoes flailing in the air as Robert experienced the full dynamic range of the clothesline effect. A second later he lay on the floor unconscious. â€Å"Who is that?† Travis asked. â€Å"Jenny's husband,† Brine answered, bending over and inspecting Robert's neck for any jutting vertebrae. â€Å"He'll be okay.† â€Å"Maybe we should go somewhere else.† â€Å"There isn't time,† Brine said. â€Å"Besides, he might be able to help.† Mavis Sand was standing on a plastic milk box peering over the bar at Robert's supine form. â€Å"Nice move, Asbestos,† she said. â€Å"I like a man that can handle himself.† Brine ignored the compliment. â€Å"Do you have any smelling salts?† Mavis climbed down from her milk box, rummaged under the bar for a moment, and came up with a gallon bottle of ammonia. â€Å"This should do it.† To Travis and the Djinn she said: â€Å"You boys want anything?† Gian Hen Gian stepped up to the bar. â€Å"Could I trouble you for a small quantity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"A salty dog and a draft, please,† Travis interrupted. Brine wrapped one arm under Robert's armpits and dragged him to a table. He propped him up in a chair, retrieved the ammonia bottle from the bar, and waved it under Robert's nose. Robert came to, gagging. â€Å"Bring this boy a beer, Mavis,† Brine said. â€Å"He ain't drinking today. I've been pouring him Cokes since noon.† â€Å"A Coke, then.† Travis and the Djinn took their drinks and joined Brine and Robert at the table, where Robert sat looking around as if he were experiencing reality for the first time. A nasty bump was rising on his forehead. He rubbed it and winced. â€Å"What hit me?† â€Å"I did,† Brine said. â€Å"Robert, I know you're angry at Travis, but you have to put it aside. Jenny's in trouble.† Robert started to protest, but Brine raised a hand and he fell silent. â€Å"For once in your life, Robert, do the right thing and listen.† It took fifteen minutes for Brine to relate the condensed version of the demon's story, during which time the only interruption was the screeching feedback of Mavis Sand's hearing aid, which she had cranked up to maximum so she could eavesdrop. When Brine finished, he drained his beer and ordered a pitcher. â€Å"Well?† he said. Robert said, â€Å"Gus, you're the sanest man I know, and I believe that you believe Jenny is in trouble, but I don't believe this little man is a genie and I don't believe in demons.† â€Å"I have seen the demon,† came a voice from the dark end of the bar. The figure who had been sitting quietly when they came in stood and walked toward them. They all turned to see a rumpled and wrinkled Howard Phillips staggering out of the dark, obviously drunk. â€Å"I saw it outside of my house last night. I thought it was one of the slave creatures kept by the Old Ones.† â€Å"What in the hell are you talking about, Howard?† Robert asked. â€Å"It doesn't matter any longer. What matters is that these men are telling you the truth.† â€Å"So now what?† Robert said. â€Å"What do we do now?† Howard pulled a pocket watch from his vest and checked the time. â€Å"You have one hour to plan a course of action. If I can be of any assistance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Sit down, Howard, before you fall down,† Brine said. â€Å"Let's lay it out. I think it's obvious from what we know that there is no way to hurt the demon.† â€Å"True,† Travis said. â€Å"Therefore,† Brine continued, â€Å"the only way to stop him and his new master is to get the invocation from the second candlestick, which will either send Catch back to hell or empower Gian Hen Gian.† â€Å"When Travis meets them, why don't we just rush them and take it?† Robert said. Travis shook his head. â€Å"Catch would kill Jenny and the Elliotts before we ever got close. Even if we got hold of the invocation, it has to be translated. That takes time. It's been years since I've read any Greek. You would all be killed, and Catch would find another translator.† â€Å"Yes, Robert,† Brine added. â€Å"Did we mention that unless Catch is in his eating form, which must have been what Howard saw, no one can see him but Travis?† â€Å"I am fluent in Greek,† Howard said. They all looked at him. â€Å"No,† Brine said. â€Å"They expect Travis to be alone. The mouth of the cave is at least fifty yards from any cover. As soon as Howard stepped out, it would be over.† â€Å"Maybe we should let it be over,† Travis said. â€Å"No. Wait a minute,† Robert said. He took a pen from Howard's pocket and began scribbling figures on a cocktail napkin. â€Å"You say there's cover fifty yards from the caves?† Brine nodded. Robert did some scribbling. â€Å"Okay, Travis, exactly how big is the print on the invocation? Can you remember?† â€Å"What does it matter?† â€Å"It matters,† Robert insisted. â€Å"How big is the print?† â€Å"I don't know – it's been a long time. It was handwritten, and the parchment was pretty long. I'd guess the characters were maybe a half-inch tall.† Robert scribbled furiously on the napkin, then put the pen down. â€Å"If you can get them out of the cave and hold up the invocation – tell them you need more light or something – I can set up a telephoto lens on a tripod in the woods and Howard can translate the invocation.† â€Å"I don't think they'll let me hold the parchment up long enough for Howard to translate. They'll suspect something.† â€Å"No, you don't understand.† Robert pushed the napkin he had been writing on in front of Travis. It was covered with fractions and ratios. Looking at it, Travis was baffled. â€Å"What does this mean?† â€Å"It means that I can put a Polaroid back on one of my Nikons and when you hold up the parchments, I can photograph them, hand the Polaroid to Howard, and thirty seconds later he can start translating. The ratios show that the print will be readable on the Polaroid. I just need enough time to focus and set exposure, maybe three seconds.† Robert looked around the table. Howard Phillips was the first to speak. â€Å"It sounds feasible, although fraught with contingencies.† Augustus Brine was smiling. â€Å"What do you think, Gus?† Robert asked. â€Å"You know, I always thought you were a lost cause, but I think I've changed my mind. Howard's right, though – there's lot of ifs involved. But it might work.† â€Å"He is still a lost cause,† the Djinn chimed in. â€Å"The invocation is useless without the silver Seal of Solomon, which is part of one of the candlesticks.† â€Å"It's hopeless,† Travis said. Brine said, â€Å"No, it's not. It's just very difficult. We have to get the candlesticks before they know about the seal. We'll use a diversion.† â€Å"Are you going to explode more flour?† asked Gian Hen Gian. â€Å"No. We're going to use you as bait. If Catch hates you as much as you say, he'll come after you and Travis can grab the candlesticks and run.† â€Å"I don't like it,† Travis said. â€Å"Not unless we can get Jenny and the Elliotts clear.† â€Å"I agree,† said Robert. â€Å"Do you have a better idea?† Brine asked. â€Å"Rachel is a bitch,† Robert said, â€Å"but I don't think she's a killer. Maybe Travis can send Jenny down the hill from the caves with the candlesticks as a condition to translating the invocation.† â€Å"That still leaves the Elliotts,† Brine said. â€Å"And besides, we don't know if the demon knows the seal is in the candlesticks. I think we go for the diversion plan. As soon as Howard has the invocation translated, Gian Hen Gian should step out of the woods and we all go for it.† Howard Phillips said, â€Å"But even if you have the seal and the invocation, you still have to read the words before the demon kills us all.† â€Å"That's right,† said Travis. â€Å"And the process should begin as soon as Rachel starts reading the words I translate, or Catch will know something is up. I can't bluff on the translation at my end.† â€Å"You don't have to,† Brine said. â€Å"You simply have to be slower than Howard, which doesn't sound like a problem.† â€Å"Wait a second,† Robert said. He was out of his seat and across the bar to where Mavis was standing. â€Å"Mavis, give me your recorder.† â€Å"What recorder?† she said coyly. â€Å"Don't bullshit me, Mavis. You've got a microcassette recorder under the bar so you can listen to people's conversations.† Mavis pulled the recorder out from under the bar and reluctantly handed it over to Robert. â€Å"This is the solution to the time problem,† Robert said. â€Å"We read the invocation into this before the genie comes out of the woods. When and if we get the candlesticks, we play it back. This thing has a high speed for secretaries to use when typing dictation.† Brine looked at Travis. â€Å"Will it work?† â€Å"It's not any more risky than anything else we're doing.† â€Å"Who's voice do we use?† Robert asked. â€Å"Who gets the responsibility?† The Djinn answered, â€Å"It must be Augustus Brine. He has been chosen.† Robert checked his watch. â€Å"We've got a half hour and I still have to pick up my cameras at The Breeze's trailer. Let's meet at the U-PICK-EM sign in fifteen minutes.† â€Å"Wait – we need to go over this again,† Travis said. â€Å"Later,† Brine said. He threw a twenty-dollar bill on the table and headed toward the door. â€Å"Robert, use Howard's car. I don't want this whole thing depending on your old truck starting. Travis, Gian Hen Gian, you ride with me.†

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Analysis of the Plan to Permit States to Have Set Their Own Rules on Drinking

Analysis of the Plan to Permit States to Have Set Their Own Rules on Drinking The Drinking Age States’ Rights States should be allowed to make their own drinking laws because the Constitution does not state that this is a right given to the federal government and therefore, it rightfully belongs to the state governments. This does not classify as an inherent power because Congress has no reason to believe that these laws are necessary for the government to function, especially considering that the United States has only instituted a MLDA – minimum legal drinking age – in the last hundred years. In fact, the history of MLDAs demonstrates how states have been deciding their own drinking laws for years, without the federal government ever needing to get involved. When prohibition was repealed on December 5, 1933, each state was allowed to set their own laws for alcohol consumption within their jurisdiction (Hedlund). It is due to this history that it can be logically concluded that this does not function as an implied power of Congress – especially when it is seen how rather than simply legislating the issue, as they would do if they truly believed they had the right, the government has been going through loopholes of crossover sanctions, the Highway Trust Fund, and misreading the twenty-first amendment for their own gain as they try to pass laws on what should be an issue of implied power. They eventually succeeded in the eighties, a decision that has been upheld in the Supreme Court, but this does not disprove the fact that they never should have been given the right to pass this law in the first place. Prior to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, states had decided the age of alcohol consumption independently for their constituents. With the addition of the new law in 1984, which forced all states to raise their minimum legal drinking age to twenty-one, the federal government instituted a policy of crossover sanctions which â€Å"force the implementation of federal requirements in one area or the states risk losing money in another, similar area† (LaFaive). In this case, any states that refused to raise their drinking age to twenty-one would be punished by a reduction of their highway funds by ten percent. This was vastly different from the system of states control that had operated until this point, when many states were lowering their drinking age to eighteen to reflect the changing climate following the Vietnam War, when young adults could be drafted to fight for their country but were not allowed to drink. In 1970, the twenty-sixth amendment lowered the voting age to eighteen for this reason (â€Å"The 26th Amendment†) and many states decided to lower their drinking age accordingly. The issue with federal legislation about drinking age is that situations like this are less likely to be taken into account, as can be seen by the federal government choosing the age of twenty-one. This age makes sense in a post-prohibition era when young adults couldn’t vote until that age either, but now it shows that the government is unable to keep as up-to-date as more local governments could. This switch to a system of manipulative fiscal federalism was stated by the federal government to have been done to serve the purpose of protecting young lives as fatalities related to alcohol and drunk driving vastly increased in alignment with states in the sixties and seventies lowering their drinking age to eighteen (MADD). This is not the issue, however. The question is not whether or not lives have been saved by the federal law or not – it is that this was never a choice for the federal government to make in the first place. Whether states do a good job of choosing an appropriate minimum legal drinking age is not to be considered, although the United States has the highest drinking age in the world (ProCon.org), but rather that they are being denied their Constitutional right to decide. Likewise, drinking age is never mentioned in the Constitution and the federal government knows it – they knew that they had no right to legislate on this issue and so covered it up by technically making the act option to states, only enforceable through coercive funds that states need to keep their highways intact. States have the right to legislate any issue that is not explicitly given to the federal government as stated in the tenth amendment but Congress has been using crossover sanctions and its role as a regulator of interstate commerce to deny states of funds from the Highway Trust Fund, which is â€Å"a transportation fund in the United States which receives money from a federal fuel tax of 18.4 cents per gallon on gasoline and 24.4 cents per gallon of diesel fuel and related excise taxes† (Highway Trust Fund) (Resnick). This has been considered legal through the supreme court case South Dakota v. Dole, which stated that taking five percent of a state’s h ighway fund for refusal to cooperate with the federally mandated drinking age was not considered unduly coercive through the spending clause of the twenty-first amendment (South Dakota v. Dole). It is important to note that this is a decision based on five percent of their highway fund, and that the actual amount that the federal government takes away nowadays is actually twice this amount. Similarly, this is not fair for the states because the funds come from the tax dollars of their constituents and should not be held hostage. The federal government knows that they are in the wrong and do not have the right to legislate on this issue and yet continue to do so. The states have violated no part of the Constitution by changing the drinking age within their jurisdiction to twenty-one, eighteen, or whatever other age that they choose and should not be punished for following the laws of this nation. The twenty-first amendment, which repealed the eighteenth amendment which legislated prohibition, has said nothing about a minimum legal drinking age and so this falls into the category of an implied power, which means that it should be left to the states to decide. As Judge O’Connor stated in his dissenting opinion in Dole, In the absence of the Twenty-first Amendment, however, there is a strong argument that the Congress might regulate the conditions under which liquor is sold under the commerce power, just as it regulates the sale of many other commodities that are in or affect interstate commerce. The fact that the Twenty-first Amendment is crucial to the States argument does not, therefore, amount to a concession that the condition imposed by  § 158 is reasonably related to highway construction. (South Dakota v. Dole 483 U.S. 203 (1987)) What the judge is arguing is that the commerce clause, which gives Congress the power â€Å"to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes†, is not a factor in the decision of Dole because the case is not centered around whether or not the federal government has the right to control the Highway Trust Fund, as they clearly do, but whether the drinking age is adequately relevant to these funds to justify keeping them from states – and, more importantly, whether the federal government has the right to pursue crossover sanctions for this issue at all. The fact of the matter is that this is an easy realization to come to. The Constitution does not say anything about drinking age and so it is the implied right of the states to legislate on this issue if they choose to. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 is not only unnecessary, it is unconstitutional in the strictest version of the law. Congress knew this when th ey looked for loopholes and the rights of the states must be protected.

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

One word description speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One word description speech - Essay Example Well, this is not competition but rather trying to determine where I need to improve on. It is worth noting that my confidence and enthusiasm also complements my greatest trait. I socialize a lot because I believe in the power of being together and sharing. In fact, I believe that my social nature helps me deals with anxiety, depression and anger. I have human nature and believe that honesty is one of the avenues of success. Just not to keep you waiting for long, I was trying to justify my major trait; which is ambitious. That is the kind of a person I am. Just to add on top, being an ambitious person has enabled me to be very organized, academically prepared and successful in various situations. As they say, each and every human has the weakness and the strength side of him/herself. My weakness is that I sometimes solve my problems in a simple way; that sometimes do not give me the ultimate solutions to the problem I am faced. To summarize it all, my ambition is my strength and I believe it is my driver to

Monday, October 7, 2019

The pragmatic views of Abraham Lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The pragmatic views of Abraham Lincoln - Essay Example Abraham Lincoln has been the most debated, analyzed, and scrutinized President in the history of the United States. He was a complex political genius who carried with him the charm of the average citizen.For this reason, Lincoln has often been misrepresented by anecdotes or attributed writings. While some scholars have argued that Lincoln's views on equality, race, and slavery shifted during the course of his career, this is a simplified look at many of his seemingly ambiguous positions. While in his writings and speeches there are references to a position that would allow some slavery in the antebellum period, his actions and words during the Civil War denounced slavery as a national evil. For Lincoln, these moral compromises were made for political expediency and pragmatism. Lincoln's views on race, slavery, and equality did not change throughout his career, but the shifting political foundations of the country dictated Lincoln's position as he strove to maintain a cohesive Union o f states.There is an ample amount of primary reference material available for the study of Lincoln's political and personal views. The 1946 compilation Abraham Lincoln, His Speeches and Writings edited by Roy P. Basler is one of the more complete sources for this area of study. Carl Sanburg remarks in the preface of the book that, "...Abraham Lincoln, is best to be known by an acquaintance with all that he wrote and said."1 The key to Sandburg's notation is that to know Lincoln we must know all that he wrote and said. ... Early in his career he could see the destructive forces of slavery at work on the new nation. In a speech titled "The Perpetuation of our Political Institutions" addressed to the Young Men's Lyceum in Springfield Illinois on January 27, 1838 Lincoln warns, "If destruction be out lot, we must ourselves be its author and finisher. As a nation of freemen, we must live through all time, or die by suicide."2 This statement indicates Lincoln's early inclination to value a united Union that was free, and shows his depth of understanding that a divided Union would lead to self destruction. The speech is a stern lecture on the horrors of lynching slaves and admonishes the reader that respect for the law is the most important attribute in the maintenance of unity. While the speech is clearly aimed at the unconscionable actions taken by the "...pleasure hunting masters of Southern slaves.", it also contains a universal message of equality.3 Lincoln speaks of equality and its association with th e respect for law when he writes, "And, in short, let it become the political religion of the nation; and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor, the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its altars."4 Basler points out that this speech, given when Lincoln was a young man and not yet active outside local politics, has been criticized as being "highly sophomoric".5 Yet, it illustrates Lincoln's core belief that the reverence for law and the moral obligation of equality will need to be shared by all Americans to build a successful future. The inequality of the elitist economic system was addressed in Lincoln's career while running for the General Assembly in Illinois. In an article announcing his

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Accounting - breakeven analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Accounting - breakeven analysis - Essay Example Thus this analysis becomes quite useful in calculating the profit, loss and the break-even point at different sales levels and also helps managers and analysts to calculate the number of units that need to be sold in order to recover the product’s production costs. Break-even analysis is also very useful for small businesses because it can help the owner or the manager of the business to assess the change in prices of the products being sold or a decrease or increase in the costs which have a direct effect on the breakeven analysis and the profitability of the small business. The break-even analysis is especially useful when deciding order quantities or when making pricing decisions. It allows the firm to be able to set a price which shall help it maximize its margin of safety. Break-even analysis also influences marketing decisions. The firm can set a desired profit level which it hopes to achieve within a particular period and then, with the help of the break-even analysis, identify the number of units that need to be sold in order to achieve the desired level of profitability and direct its marketing efforts in order to achieve these sales levels. Break-even analysis can also help the small business owners in making crucial decision like hir ing or firing employees or maybe expanding the business to gain greater market share and help increase the company’s profitability. It can also help the owner in deciding in whether to purchase additional machinery or equipment for the business. Since it projects fixed costs and variable costs separately as well as together, business owners can take the help of this analysis when making critical decisions such as those relating to capital expenditure. Break-even analysis model is very simple to use as the user of this model can easily change the inputs to compute the break-even point. For example if an owner predicts that in the next month the variable cost will increase by 5% so, the owner can easily use this model and see how many more units need to be sold to reach the break-even point for the next month. Similarly is the case with an increase in Rent, which increases the fixed cost. Hence the owner, keeping price and variable costs constant, can predict the number of unit s needed to be sold if there is an increase in the fixed cost of the business. Alternatively, the break-even analysis can be used to identify rising costs and help the management in deciding how to cut down on variable or fixed costs. There are however a few flaws to the break-even analysis. Break-even analysis is only useful to a certain extent as it assumes that all outputs produced in a period are sold which may not be the case in real-life situations. The break-even model is also very simplistic in nature and considers all inputs constant which may not be the case in the real world. However, the break-even model has some assumptions which make it less accurate in determining the break-even quantity. It assumes that the selling price and the variable cost will remain constant. However, for small businesses this rarely happens. So, we then use the average selling price which

Saturday, October 5, 2019

Cause and effect essay, topic can be general Essay - 1

Cause and effect , topic can be general - Essay Example There is a lengthy history uniform use in schools, mostly from the private sector until expanding more so into the public arena relatively recently. All of these factors clearly demonstrate the benefits of uniforms. The majority of the public school uniform policies include relatively common restrictions, such as khaki or navy pants and solid colored shirts with collars with the school insignia patch only, no brand name or symbol allowed. Despite the benefits of uniforms and somewhat relaxed standard of dress there remains great opposition to uniform policies by parents who misguidedly insist that uniform policies somehow limit a child’s ability to express themselves. The proposition of requiring K-12 students to wear uniforms is not a new idea. It has been utilized for more than a century to help promote a sense of scholastic endeavors along with respect for oneself and others within the school setting. By including students in a particular social group as a member of a singular identifiable student body, uniforms help to build a sense of cooperation and community among children who may not otherwise get along. Students who outgrow their uniforms can donate them to students who can’t afford them. Uniforms reduce clothing costs for all parents and are especially helpful to families on a strict budget. Studies into self-expression and fashion have shown that a direct link exists between the kind of clothing we wear and the way we feel about ourselves. Therefore, regardless of the kind of cloths we wear, we are making a announcement about how we wished to be perceived and what we want to be associated with. Parents often disagree with the idea of student uniforms because they think this requirement prevents students from expressing themselves. It must be acknowledged that there many types of occupations that also require a uniform.

Friday, October 4, 2019

Should economic efficiency be the primary consideration and priority Essay

Should economic efficiency be the primary consideration and priority for the enforcement of competition law - Essay Example This research considers both sides of the debate and emphasises EU competition law and policies. It is concluded that there is no real dominant theme as between economic and non-economic policies and purposes in the enforcement of competition law. This is as it should be, since, the social, political and economic aspects of competition law and policies are equally important to the efficient operation of the market. It is argued that economic efficiency cannot be obtained unless, the political and social objectives of competition laws are achieved. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 The Purpose of Competition Law 5 Non-Economic Purposes and Policies of Competition Law 7 Economic Purposes and Policies of Competition Law 10 Non-Economic Factors as the Main Consideration in the Enforcement of Competition Law 11 Economic Efficiency as the Main Consideration in the Enforcement of Competition Law 15 Conclusion 17 Bibliography 19 Introduction Governments have introduced national com petition laws reflecting a growing trend toward a general consensus that competition laws are primarily aimed at promoting economic efficiency in the market (Lloyd, 1998, p. 1129). Non-economic policies are also reflected in competition laws which are divided between social and political concerns (Baker, 2013, p. 2176). ... 93). Economists tend to favour the economic efficiency of competition law while legal scholars are not comfortable with this view (Kerber, 2009, p. 93). Lianos (2013) presents the two sides of the debate in terms of the economic welfare perspective versus the normative perspective (p. 7). The economic welfare perspective views economic efficiency as the main objective of competition laws. In this regard, economic efficiency refers to enabling consumption choices and the fairer distribution of production permitting freer market entry (Lianos, 2013, 7). The normative perspective refers to the promotion of innovation and democracy in the market for the social and political efficiency of the market (Lianos, 2013, p. 13). This paper analyses both sides of the debate and determines that while economic efficiency appears to be the main consideration and priority for the enforcement of competition law, non-economic factors should have equal consideration. In making this argument, this paper is divided into three parts. The first part of this paper presents the economic and non-economic policies of competition law. The second part of this paper analyses the non-economic arguments and the final part of this paper analyses the economic arguments. The Purpose of Competition Law The purpose of EU competition law can be gleaned from Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Consolidation Edition) 2012 (hereinafter TEFU). Article 101 in general bans any agreement or collusion calculated to distort trade and competition in the market (TEFU, Article 101). A list of the applicable activities include, price fixing, production restrictions or controls, sharing markets or