Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Who I Am as a Teenager

Who am I? This uncertainty has to be one of the most common to go through a teenager’s brain. As a regular teenager, I make mistakes, laugh, cry, smile and love. Every experience in my life good or bad, happy or sad makes me stronger. Each step in my life and each passing moment make me grow into the person I want to be. To understand who I am, I have to talk about things that help to shape my identity like my past, the culture where I come from, the environment where I grow up and my family Our history influences our patriotism and our nationalistic tendencies. As I have been growing up, I notice that my entire background have influenced in who I am. My history helps me to remember where my ancestors came from. By remembering that, I will understand my heritage, more about me, and how I should live my life the best I can. History is not only telling me about how my family’s ancestors lived their lives, but also show me my culture, my tradition, and the way that I think. The family history of everybody marks their past, their present, and their future, because the consequences of the actions remain in time. Our culture influences, to an extent, everything in our lives, from how we are schooled, the morals we are taught and other influences on our lives such as sports we play, foods we eat, clothes we wear, music we listen to and how we feel. All these examples represent my culture. It makes me different and identifies me with my birthplace, and I feel important in this world because of these differences. I was born in a small city in Vietnam, and I did not have any brother or sister. As the only child in my family, I grew up in a very loving, caring and educating family environment. However, grew up in that type of sheltered environment prevented me from seeing the outside world. My only friends were my toys, so when I started pre-school, it was really different for me because there were a lot more kids than I was used to seeing. Since I did not know anyone, I didn’t talk very much. As I grew older and moved through school, I began to have more friends than I did back in pre-school. I was starting to talk more and be more active. I realized that the environment where I grew up had influenced who I am as a person. All this parts of my background make the person that I am. Another aspect of who I am is the hobbies that I enjoy doing. I like to listen to any kind of music except rock and rap. I enjoy playing sports such as soccer, basketball and football with my friends. I also enjoy off-road adventures, and playing with my two three-year old nephews. Another one of my hobbies is reading books especially medical books because I want to be a doctor like my parents. My family is probably the largest reason that makes me who I am today because it decides my personality, bias and character flaws. My dad and my mom are both dentists and although they are busy with their job, they always spend most of the time to take care of me. Being a working housewife, my mom tries very hard to be a good homemaker. She is an adventurous cook, and she is good. Unlike many of my dad’s contemporizes, he is a picture of health and vitality. I admire his dedication to his patients and work. Although my father is a strict disciplinarian, he can be jovial and caring at the same time. When I was sick, my parents would take off work and spend the whole day to pampering me back to health. My dad used to tell me that â€Å"as a human being, everybody made mistakes. Some people would deny to facing it but the smart people would have the courtesy to learn from them and not made them twice. † He also taught me how to be strong. He told me to except things as they happened and moved on. If I spent all day thinking about it, I could miss the things that made me happy. Not only did they teach me good moral values, but they also provided me with examples of good behavior and how to support my family. I was taught that my most important goal in life was to have a good education. My parents used to say that someday they would not be with me anymore, and if I wanted to have an economic independence, I had to have a good education. Then I started to think about that, and I decided to study abroad in America. I knew more friends and got more independent. Through that experience, I had a chance to experience both traditional Vietnamese culture and innovation American culture. I learned how to use my Asian background as a beneficial tool and to see myself as a unique person rather than as a vagrant. I was able to know and learn about each person and their culture; my personality changed from introverted to sociable. Henry Ford once said, â€Å"Life is a series of experiences, each one of which makes us bigger, even though it is hard to realize this. † Each one of us is unique in the way that we interpret the influences on us and decide whether or not to accept these outside interventions in our self-molding. My history, my culture and my family’s environment are the most important parts of my life. They are things that help to shape who I am. I love being me and the person that I am. I am not perfect, and don’t try to be. I go through life with an open mind and take things in as they happen. I am me and that all I can be.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

My Inspiration

All throughout life, we come across people who, in the course of our mingling with them, become an inspiration to us because of different reasons. He or she could be a parent, relative, a friend, a neighbor, teacher, or anybody who we deal with on a daily basis. In my case, the person who serves as my inspiration is my next door neighbor. My parents are both very busy working in order to provide our family's daily needs. So raising me was a bit of a predicament for them. As luck would have it, we have a next door neighbor who is a motherly soul. She came forward and volunteered to keep an eye on me while my parents were at work. She does not have any children of her own and as far back as I could remember, spends most of her time in her home tending to her garden. She is like a second mother to me.   My parents were so glad to leave me with her because she made sure to instill discipline and values in the child left in her care. She says that I am the child she never had. She is proud of me just like my parents are. I am so close to her that sometimes, my mom gets jealous because I ask our neighbor for her opinion on anything I want to do. What my parents do not know is that this neighbor of ours was there for me at a very trying time in my life. When I was being bullied and failing my subjects in school. She helped me realize my potential as a student and learn to respect myself as a human being. Since I would come over to her house directly after school, she spent her afternoons tutoring me and helping me with my other schoolwork. Even when I was at my dumbest and when my parents had given up on me learning the task at hand, she always supported me and told me that I could do it. I just needed to figure out how I could accomplish things in a way that made me comfortable. Each time, I would amaze my parents because of what I was able to accomplish. My life is going great right now. I like the person I have grown up to be and I know that I can accomplish more, as I grow older. All of this is because of the unconditional, inspirational support my next door neighbor gave and continues to give me.    My Inspiration All throughout life, we come across people who, in the course of our mingling with them, become an inspiration to us because of different reasons. He or she could be a parent, relative, a friend, a neighbor, teacher, or anybody who we deal with on a daily basis. In my case, the person who serves as my inspiration is my next door neighbor. My parents are both very busy working in order to provide our family's daily needs. So raising me was a bit of a predicament for them. As luck would have it, we have a next door neighbor who is a motherly soul. She came forward and volunteered to keep an eye on me while my parents were at work. She does not have any children of her own and as far back as I could remember, spends most of her time in her home tending to her garden. She is like a second mother to me.   My parents were so glad to leave me with her because she made sure to instill discipline and values in the child left in her care. She says that I am the child she never had. She is proud of me just like my parents are. I am so close to her that sometimes, my mom gets jealous because I ask our neighbor for her opinion on anything I want to do. What my parents do not know is that this neighbor of ours was there for me at a very trying time in my life. When I was being bullied and failing my subjects in school. She helped me realize my potential as a student and learn to respect myself as a human being. Since I would come over to her house directly after school, she spent her afternoons tutoring me and helping me with my other schoolwork. Even when I was at my dumbest and when my parents had given up on me learning the task at hand, she always supported me and told me that I could do it. I just needed to figure out how I could accomplish things in a way that made me comfortable. Each time, I would amaze my parents because of what I was able to accomplish. My life is going great right now. I like the person I have grown up to be and I know that I can accomplish more, as I grow older. All of this is because of the unconditional, inspirational support my next door neighbor gave and continues to give me.   

Monday, July 29, 2019

Finance for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Finance for Managers - Essay Example Based on the analysis of the finances a set of recommendations have been set down to assist the company make improvements. The paper also deals with the role of the finance manager, i.e. David Green, and the discussion includes a detailed analysis of his position in the company in relation to the planning, control, performance management and also financial decision making. Finally, the paper will deal with the sources of finance with a focus on loans. Here two alternatives will be provided which are most suitable for Jools. However before moving into the current financial position of the company, it is important to provide a brief overview of the company. Overview of Jools: The birth of Jools Furniture was in 1990 when Julius Smith – Brown invested in Huddersfield based Sandy Furniture. Then the company specialised in kitchen and bedroom furniture. However by 2005 the company went on to grow and offer as many as 150 different furniture products to the customers. The company wa s focused on providing various designs and also targeted the middle and higher income buyers. As time passed the company went on to develop several divisions which include the office supplies, and also the quality products divisions, the quality products development focusing on the high income groups. Presently the company has grown to have four main divisions, i.e. Kitchen, Bedroom, Quality and Office and the company employees over 500 people (Jools Furniture, 2011). The company follows the laissez-faire form of management, and the division controllers are given a free reign to manage with the only condition to aim at a target return of 10 % return on investments. Current Financial Position Quality Products Division: In order to completely comprehend the financial performance of the division, the financial ratios over the years are computed and presented in the table below: Quality Products Division Year 2009 2008 2007 Profitability          Net Profit Margin 3.36 % 1.98 % -9 .90 % Return on Equity 9.99 % 5.63 % -26.30 % Efficiency          Return on Assets 13.33 % 12.58 % 1.83 % Asset Turnover 1.03 1.00 0.87 Liquidity          Current Ratio 1.33x 1.09x 1.13x Acid Test Ratio 0.63x 0.47x 0.59x Stock Turnover 114 days 100 days 105 days Debtor Days 43 days 28 days 44 days Creditor Days 36 days 47 days n / a Financial Structure          Gearing 61.91 % 60.83 % 62.24 % Interest Cover 2.11x 1.53x -1.32x The division had acquired another business in 2004 and it was completely sourced by debt. Hence the gearing ratio has been relatively high over the three years. The company aims at constantly maintaining a 50 % gearing ratio, however this is much higher which in turn simply implies that the company is more risky. Moreover, the division also incurred a loss in 2007. This loss can be attributed to a number of factors, including reduced turnover (low return on assets – 1.83 %), high interest paid and increased expenses (Berman, Knight, & C ase, 2006). However the division has managed to turn

Sunday, July 28, 2019

How Did Japan's Successful Adaptation to the Challenges of Western Imp Essay - 1

How Did Japan's Successful Adaptation to the Challenges of Western Imperialism and China's Failure Complete - Essay Example Similarly for China, to revive an economy that was devastated by the ravages of a long civil war, and turn it into one of the fastest growing economies by the end of the century was a truly laudable achievement. Japan moved from a limited democracy with a semi-divine monarch before world war II, to a thriving progressive one by the last decade of the twentieth century. China, on the other hand, transformed from a communist form of government at the end of the civil war, to a more modern form of socialism using reform and an opening of its markets by the end of the century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, western powers like Britain, France, Germany, and Belgium had grown rich and powerful through the acquisition of colonies in Asia and Africa. Japan sought to imitate western imperial powers by acquiring foreign territorial possessions because of the power and prestige associated them. The frequent provocation by western powers, their racial prejudices towards Asian people; as well as its own concerns for its territorial and economic security, led Japan into a series of wars in China as well as other South Asian countries. This was done mainly to increase its sphere of influence and to secure much-needed markets for its goods. The disastrous results of trying to imitate western imperialism saw Japan reduced from a dynamic Asian empire in the 1930s and 1940s to a small group of islands in a western dominated order by the end of WWII. The result of the second world war changed Japan’s fortunes. Devastated by the atomic bomb and over-populated due to the return of its people from   Manchuria and Korea, a starving Japan was forced to accept free food from America. The impact of this on the Japanese people was naturally profound and resulted in a steely determination to return to a position of power in the new world order. Japan had to begin over again the process of developing industry and self-sufficiency. One advantage it had was its talent pool in terms of educated people in the field of science and technology. Another was its strong belief in free enterprise and its expertise in managing industry in such an environment.  

Apple Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Apple Supply Chain - Essay Example Apple Inc has able to develop a supply chain management that has been studied by most companies. With the recent earthquake in Japan, Apple is expected to face considerable supply issues but so far Apple has been able to survive the recent challenge. APPLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Apple supply chain management is unique in the sense that they manufacture the parts of their products in Asian countries, especially China, and assemble and market its product in California. Apple Supply Chain management is successful because of their successful outsourcing and the make-buy decision. ‘Outsourcing is defined as the contracting of one or more of the company’s business processes to an outside service provider to help increase shareholder value, by primarily reducing operating costs and focusing on core competencies’ (Kulkarni and Sharma, 2004). Apple has made great use of the outsourcing alternative by keepings its core competency, that is, its design and user interface wit hin the company while outsourcing the production. In this way, Apple has considerably reduced its operating costs through this process without compromising on its positioning as the best technology. Before proceeding further, we need to understand the typical movement of Apple products from the origin to the end users. Products such as the Apple iPod, iMac, iPhone etc are first designed in the Apple headquarters located in California. Once the team of designers develops the unique look and design for the product, the supply chain team in collaboration with the engineers and designers decides the suppliers for the particular product. Most of Apple’s products are manufactured at Foxxcon, a Taiwanese electronic company. This company is responsible for the products of the parts of iPhone while Apple keeps the original blue print of the product with itself to prevent any copyright issues (Xu, Tjoa and Chaudhry, 2007). Once the products are developed, they are shipped to Apple Inc. headquarters located in California. Thus, California assumes the responsibility of marketing and distributing the product. With the increase in demand of Apple products internationally, the products are distributed almost everywhere in the world including China, which is turning out to be the most developing market for Apple products. Thus, ‘Apple serves as the supply chain coordinator, integrator, and provider of operations best-practices, innovations, and strategies for all its partners’ (Simchi-Levi, 2010) THE MAKE-BUY DECISION For a supply chain to succeed in the best possible manner, the make-buy decision is the primary and most crucial decisions for the supply chain manager. The supply chain manager needs to be aware of the products that the company would be making and the products that the company would buy from other suppliers. This decision is based on the knowledge of the core competencies. Core competencies are those factors where the organization excels at and the key areas where the organization has able to develop a unique selling proposition (Monczka,  Handfield,   Guinipero,  Patterson and Walters , 2010). . In the case of Apple, the core competency is its design and the user interface it has developed for the consumers. The technology comes in part and parcel of the design while the actual production is secondary. When consumers buy Apple products,

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Water shadow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Water shadow - Essay Example is structured into diverse parts that include the formation of water wave shadows, factors that contribute to their formation, how water waves move, and the strength of water wave vibration when an object is placed in a water tank. The structures promote the understanding of how water waves movement influence life on atmospheric of the building. The key observations or propositions evident are that, the used of the physical theories and case studies to understand the theoretical framework, test ideas and evaluate the potential for an architecture and design project that highlights awareness of the metaphysical. The paper also covers the role of reflection in enabling individuals to notice the shadows and water waves. As hypothesized, water waves shadow is outlined to how effective atmosphere can be created in architecture through invisible media? The invisible waves also show the interaction that exists between water, audience, and light. This highlights the importance of the atmosph ere and human beings in the development of architectural designs building. Water waves are beams that cause immense ripple effect as the intensity of light from a particular source increases. The waves also promote cultural practices in various communities as they enable individuals to formulate viable ideas and shape perceptions on the nature of atmosphere including how people interact. Notably, water waves are a unique type of waves as compared to light and sound waves since they show up in various substances. There interaction within the space is also imperative in promoting effective design of buildings. Effective interaction enlightens individuals knowledge on the kind of design that is necessary towards the realization of harmony, peace, and wellbeing in the atmosphere. In most cases, the shadows are evident in liquid substances especially on the underneath part of tanks where they show up. The shadows are characterized with high wavelength capacity, lack of clarity underneath

Friday, July 26, 2019

Teacher evaluation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Teacher evaluation - Term Paper Example The discussion includes specific examples from two districts, namely, the Midwest School District and South Central Texas School District. The final section provides some recommendations that will help educators design a better evaluation system for the 21st century. The incongruity of teacher evaluation is that it has the capability to significantly contribute to the growth and improvement of every teacher, but in reality it helps only a very few people. The capability of teacher evaluation is widely known. Almost all states mandate standard evaluation in compliance to the law and validate such mandates, partly, based on the obligation of teachers to improve. Most districts have collective bargaining contracts or rules specifying evaluation processes. In fact, numerous of the major educational reforms in the United States (e.g. career ranking, performance incentive/merit pay, etc.) are rooted in the belief that strong, effective evaluation processes can be formulated. Even so, in truth, teacher evaluations performed in most schools are short, inconsistent, formal procedures requiring several instances of classroom inspection every year at least accompanied by the accomplishment of a compulsory evaluation document, which is approved by all involved entities and then stacked away to oblivion. When this takes place, state law provisions and requirements of the collective bargaining contract have been satisfied, but in reality nothing valuable is accomplished for the teachers, schools, students, or community (Marsh, 2009). This essay, on the first part, discusses the history, trends, and effectiveness of teacher evaluation in the United States. The second part discusses the similarities and differences between two distinct district teacher evaluation. And the third part spells out the features of an ‘ideal’ teacher evaluation in the 21st century. Teacher evaluation originated from the evaluative role of the

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Managerial Accounting - Essay Example Similarly, the planning must incorporate the limitations that the organizations have while, at the same time, focusing on the long term goals and desires of the organization; this can only be done through effective budgeting and further budget control. It is indispensable tool for measuring performance. The success of any worthwhile organization is hinged on a good budget because it gives a platform where income and expenditure estimates are done at an advance date by use of historical data. By so doing, the budget helps the organization in different ways such as control, coordination and eventual measurement of the organization. Through the same, the organization can derive motivation geared towards a better future (CHONG et al 2007). According to CARPENTER (2006) a budget is defined as a tentative quantitative manifestation of future expectations and, is usually prepared by the management of any organization. There are different types of budgets and are concerned with planning for the future. If done in the right manner, a budget can serve as a means of control within the organization since in it are all the organizations plans, goals and key performance initiatives and indicators. They are usually prepared either annually or monthly or at any other interval, depending on the need. The significance of budgets is that they allow the management of the organization to take a look at the past failures and success; and that helps in formulating the best strategies for the future. The advent of 21st century has a brought with it many complications for different organizations. As such restricting within organization is inevitable; budgeting and control have become integral part of the organizations since it is clear that they have a big role in the general performance of the organization. In that regard, many financial and lending institutions have put much focus on budgeting as a tool of establishing performance in any organization. Similarly,

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Philosophy Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Philosophy Research Paper - Essay Example It is also grand and gives one the feel of timelessness and awe. Could this feel of awe have something to do with the design of the building It inspires the passer by with a certain longing to enter and take a look inside. But the building has a larger purpose. It fulfils this purpose by accommodating people, furniture and machines. Moreover, it graces the environment with its aesthetic presence. It seeks to be pleasing to the eye. The BMW building is primarily a piece of art because it has been made with some aesthetics. The building has elegance and grace. Apart from fulfilling its accommodating role, it also fulfills another role as an object that satisfies. It has a shape and form that appears pleasing to the person who sees it. And when the person who sees it and enters it, he finds satisfaction in the building's interior as much as he has found satisfaction in the building's exterior when he observed it from the outside. The BMW structure is also a piece of art for the simple reason that it is stately and robust. It is built with the long term view of withstanding the vagaries of nature to the maximum scale. Perhaps it may not be able to withstand an intensive earthquake. Or it may be able to withstand an intensive earthquake, if it is so designed. Nonetheless, the building is made to last for a significant period of time. Perhaps it is made to last for over 40 or 50 years. ... Perhaps it is made to last for over 40 or 50 years. However, this is a difficult proposition in the present times where buildings are routinely demolished to erect bigger and better ones. The idea is to commercially exploit demand with additional space and attractiveness. The building must look beautiful in order to attract money and enterprises. The building's attraction The BMW monolith is primarily made with a certain objective. It may, perhaps, appear beautiful to one person. But it may not appear beautiful to another. To some people, no matter how elegant, this building is just a piece of block! Hence, we may rather say that the building is sublime. It exudes force. It is made to be primarily strong and robust. However, does this building appeal to the imagination Impressive as it is, maybe there is someone who does not take this building to heart! An object of beauty appeals immediately to the imagination. It does need a reason for an object to appear beautiful. An object of beauty is judged by the sensory faculties of the beholder. A building, by and large, does not make such a fast and conclusive appeal. It may win attention or respect owing to its outward attraction and form. However, beauty is another dimension! Beauty wins immediate attention of the beholder. An object of beauty strikes the beholder at once in depth without any reason. In the case of a building, it may or may not strike the beholder with the same inexplicable suddenness. That is why the BMW building could not be termed as beautiful (Immanuel Kant). The purpose of the building This building has been designed for a specific purpose. It was designed so as to herald its attractive and elegant position. It was designed to abide with the natural

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Special Features of Managing Human Resources Research Paper

Special Features of Managing Human Resources - Research Paper Example 2. Human resource management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce using an array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques. (Guest, 1999) There are a number of things to notice in Storey's listing. Firstly, human resource management is clearly not simply the province of the human resource manager. Line managers play a critical role in human resource management and, in fact, could be argued to be the main organisational exponents of people management. Secondly, human resource management is firmly embedded in business strategy. Unlike the personnel manager, the HR manager is part of the top level strategic team in the organisation and human resource management plays a key role in the achievement of business success. Thirdly, the shaping of organisational culture is one of the major levers by which effective human resource management can achieve its objectives of a committed workforce. Thus, human resource management is concerned not only with the formal processes of the management of people but also with all the ways in which the organisational culture is established, re-inforced and transmitted. 3. Organizational development and innovation is ...ues, strategies, structures and practices so that the organization can better adapt to competitive actions, technological advances, and the fast pace of other changes in the environment. Organization development helps managers recognize that organizations are systems with dynamic interpersonal relationships holding them together. The reasonable next step was to try to change groups, units, and entire organizations so that they would support, not necessarily replace, change efforts. In short, the general objective of organizational development is to change all parts of the organization in order to make it humanly responsive, more effective, and more capable of organizational learning and self-renewal. It relies on systems orientation, causal models, and a set of key assumptions to guide it.4. The flexible model of working shows the ability of the company to also consider the needs of the employees in terms of time. This model shows h ow flexibility affects both the employers and the employees. There are advantages and disadvantages with using this model. The term flexible working refers to working practices, mutually agreed between employee and employer, which cover working hours, locations or patterns of work. Such arrangements have to comply with the law on working time, including hours, rest breaks and the working week. 5. As work has become less central to people's lives, vying for time with family and leisure, many have become concerned with what is termed the 'work-life balance'. 'Work-life balance is about people having a measure of control over when, where and how they work. It is achieved when an individual's right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is accepted and respected as the norm, to the mutual benefit of the individual, business and

Monday, July 22, 2019

Milk Vending Machine Essay Example for Free

Milk Vending Machine Essay In March 2006, four friends and alumni of the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras connected from different parts of the globe and started talking. Ajit Narayanan worked as a storage engineer with American Megatrends Inc. In California, Aswin Chandrasekaran was an analyst managing product strategy for Capital One Financial Services Inc. in Washington DC. Adib Ibrahim was doing technology consulting at KPMG in Dubai. And Preetham Shivanna was a software engineer with Infosys Technologies, in Mysore, India. They started talking about their desire â€Å"to build a product-based company that would solve some real problems of India. † By mid 2007, the four were all in Chennai, and had set up shop as Invention Labs. They began by providing services in building electronic systems and designing embedded systems for other companies. They have since made their first foray into building a product ‘Milk Tree,’ a vending machine for milk sachets. The Producer Cooperatives and Supply Chain In India, the supply chain for milk from the dairy farm to the customer has five or six links. First, small dairy farmers, typically owners of one or two cows, deliver milk to the local collection point often located at the village itself. From here it is transported to a Bulk Milk Cooling centre, which is the first point of refrigeration. Next the milk is transported to a processing plant. Processing plants are usually located on the outskirts of towns and cities. A large metro like Chennai has two, catering to the northern and southern neighbourhoods respectively. It is also here at the processing plant that the milk is treated for homogenisation, plus other value addition, like skimming, pasteurisation and so on.. From the processing plant the milk is transported to warehouses in different localities inside the city from where it is supplied to the milk dealers of the city. The final link in this chain is made of the ‘milk boys’ who pick up the milk from the dealer, fill their trolleys full of milk sachets and deliver them on foot, to the customer’s doorstep. Dairy farmers in India are part of cooperative societies supported by the government. At the village level, the dairy farmers form part of a Village Cooperative Society. At the district level, they form a District Producer’s Union. Although the Board of this district level body is composed of farmers, they hire professional managers to run it (this is what differentiates it from the village level organisations). Finally, at the state level, they form a Federation, which is managed by Civil Service government officials. For the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala, the numbers are illustrative. There are three District Level Producers Unions and one state-level Federation in the state. The total population impacted by dairy farming in this state is 2400 Village Co-operatives, and about 150,000 families. What Are the Problems? There are several problems associated with this procurement and supply model. The only points in the chain where refrigeration are used are at the Bulk Milk Cooling Centres and the processing plant. This lack of a proper cold chain is the single biggest problem and causes spoilage to the tune of 1% to 3% annually to the cooperatives, directly impacting farmer incomes. To put this in context, annual milk production in India in 2007-08 was approximately 100 million tonnes; losses therefore, amounted to about 1 to 3 million tonnes. The flimsy nature of plastic sachets often results in leakage and further loss of milk by the time it reaches the customer. Under the current supply system, the customer pays an additional Rs. 0.80-1.50 as delivery cost. Also, since the milk boys have limited carrying capacity, the customer places an order at the beginning of the month, for how many sachets should be delivered every morning. He or she does not have the option of purchasing an extra sachet or two, in cases of sudden need. The cooperatives also lose out to private players who offer better margins to milk dealers at the cities. These dealers then tend to push private brands, thus further eroding profits for the cooperatives. The Solution: an Innovative Milk Vending Machine To solve these problems, the four friends at Invention Labs have built an innovative machine that vends milk sachets. This was after they conducted an extensive study of vending machine designs and their suitability to local conditions. Existing machines all operated on a coiled spring mechanism, which proved to be unsuitable for the amorphous nature and flimsiness of plastic milk sachets. Invention Labs’ vending machine uses a unique mechanism to dispense one milk sachet at a time, in a clean and predictable manner. The machine has a two-dimensional grid of columns which hold a total of 120 milk sachets (each sachet contains 500 ml). Using their experience in developing embedded systems, they have built a special encoder, which enables the individual control of all the columns, using just two actuators. As a result of this innovative design, the team has been successful in building a specialised milk vending machine that is at least half the sale price of existing vending machines in the market. Further, as Preetham mentioned, â€Å"all components are over-designed at the moment†, since they are in first stages of product launch. With further selection of appropriate material, design work, and mass production, the team is certain that they can bring down the cost further. Invention Labs has got its first order for seven vending machines from a dairy cooperative based in the state of Kerala. The business model that they plan to implement with soft funding from the Lemelson Recognition Mentoring Programme (L-RAMP) is to install such machines in apartment complexes and housing colonies. The cooperative will be provided the option of either purchasing these machines or paying rent to Invention Labs. The cooperative will be responsible for loading the machines every day with milk. All purchases by apartment dwellers will be smart card-based and cashless. Invention Labs will be responsible for installation, servicing, and maintenance. How do Different Players Benefit? Customers will have milk available at their doorstep 24 hours a day. They would no longer need to pay extra money for delivery and would be able to purchase as much or as little milk as they need. Since the milk will be stored at 6-8 degrees centigrade, these machines can ensure better hygiene than the previous supply model. The Cooperatives, by directly placing their product at the customer’s doorstep, can fight competition from private dairies, and especially target the evening market, which is currently being taken over by private players. The maintenance of milk at the optimal temperature means they will suffer reduced losses. The potential benefit for the small dairy farmer at the village level is increased earnings, due to reduction in milk loss caused by spoilage. Cooperatives share profits with farmers through dividends. Typically, the farmer gets approximately 41% of the profits, through such dividends trickling down from the federation to district, to village level. Obviously, this figure (in terms of real income to the individual) will vary a lot from one farmer to the next depending on the number of cows, yield, input costs etc. Thus, increased profits for the cooperative – remember losses run to the tune of several million tonnes each year – will eventually flow back to the primary producer. Future Challenges The fact that the demand for a specialised milk vending machine actually came from the Kerala milk cooperative is an indicator of the stark need for such vending technology. The primary question to be answered is if the economics of the milk vending model will work out and make it viable for the consumer and the cooperative investing in it. Invention Labs is already looking at innovative ideas like selling advertising space on the machines, and having FM radio channels on it, to increase sources of revenue. They might also offer other value added products like yoghurt and flavoured milk. The business model has an inherent risk in that the company will install the machines on a rental basis, thus facing default risks and unforeseen operational costs. The smart card and recharging systems have to be built and trialled. Apartment dwellers have to adopt the new system of purchasing milk from vending machines, and while they have patented the design, there is always the danger of others copying it. These and more questions will be answered over the next few months as the machines are installed and start vending milk packets. But, with such bright and committed minds working on the problem, one cannot but feel sanguine that a technological solution to India’s milk supply challenges is close at hand.

Making Case Teaching Essay Example for Free

Making Case Teaching Essay Audrey Edwards’ essay â€Å"Making the Case for Teaching our Boys to†¦ ‘Bring Me Home a Black Girl’† explains the ideas and reasons behind the need to impress upon black men the importance of marrying within the race. It presents a strongly ethnocentric view of the marital situation, citing this as an important step in the preservation of the black race and culture. The essay considers the influence of the media over the minds of black people, identifying the dominance of its white images. It identifies areas in which this influence has led to the erosion of the black family and community through interracial marriages that dilute the black-content of the unions’ offspring. The essay also cites examples of successful and educated members of the African American community that adhere to the idea of marrying within the race as a method of fortifying it financially and ensuring its continued prosperity. In making these points, Edwards uses a number of discursive techniques to strengthen her argument and make her case more understandable and cogent to her audience. The subject of the essay is the marital choices of black men of this era. The author seeks to make a point that black men should choose marital partners from within the black race. Audrey Edwards begins by demonstrating with clarity how she has impressed it upon her step-son that marrying a black woman is the way to please her. She expresses the opinion that the training up of the black man should include lessons on how to marry just as much as it includes lessons on attitude. She writes that it is a â€Å"mothers role in imparting to male children whats expected when it comes to marriage† (Edwards, par. 3). Her idea is that active parenting should be able to combat the problem currently being faced of black men marrying outside of the race. With constant authoritative reminders of what is expected of them regarding marriage, it is the author’s opinion that parents can inculcate in black people’s minds how unthinkable it should be to engage in inter-racial marriage. The audience to which this essay is directed is a predominantly black one. It directly comprises black fathers and mothers as well as black sons, as Edwards considers that â€Å"the issue might be addressed by something as simple and basic as child rearing† (par. 4). The essay, therefore, speaks to these parents on how to go about letting their sons know precisely where to go to choose a mate. It also seeks to convince those black parents who need convincing that they should take a stand in promoting black marriage within their households and communities. Yet the essay’s audience is also indirectly made up of yet-to-be married black men and women who have the potential to be produce and rear the next generation of black children. These potential parents have the opportunity to make right and wrong choices concerning their mates. The author desires to focus their attention on black members of the opposite sex and to deter them from choosing outside their race. Finally, the author’s message is intended to be filtered down even to small children, as she seeks to promote the bombardment of these children with positive images of black persons within homes and other places where they spend their time. The persona of the essay is its author who, as a black woman, has witnessed the migration of black men from the black race and their gravitation toward white women as life partners. This she has considered to be an affront to black women in general and specifically to herself, who has no ammunition against an Anglo-centric media that promotes white women as beautiful and black women as the opposite. This persona takes the point of view also of a mother, who considers it her responsibility to contribute to the reversal of this problem by teaching her son values that would deter him from acting in the same way toward black women. The purpose of the essay is to provide cogent arguments to persons of authority that would induce them to promote the purity of the black race and dissuade black men from marrying outside of the race. Edwards’ describes the essay as one that seeks to promote the adage, â€Å"Bring me home a black girl,† as one that has become somewhat of a commandment in the black community. She writes, â€Å"Its one of those commandments Ugo has heard from me most of his life, right up there with ‘Dont do drugs,’ ‘Finish school’ and ‘Use a condom’ (Edwards, par. 2). The article is meant to convince parents and authority figures that they have to be clear to young black men regarding what is required of them. Edwards continues, â€Å"Oh, we may ask vague, cursory questions about the women they bring home: Can she cook? What work does she do? Who are her people? But rarely do we come right out and make the case for marrying Black† (par. 4). The author’s purpose is to change this by becoming open and vocal about the necessity to maintain the sanctity of the ethnocentric union. The ethos of this particular piece derives from the persona of the author as a mother and professional. However, the author also draws upon the testimonials of several other successful, educated, and well-respected persons within the Black community who share her views. She gains testimonies from such persons as professors, successful Black business owners, and media personnel. One such testimonial that increases the ethical appeal of the argument comes from a professor at Howard University (Maxwell Manning), who strengthens the ethos of Edwards’ case by citing academic and anthropological ideas that favor her case. The logos or logical appeal of the essay can be found in Edwards’ use of examples and credible statistics collected by the U. S. Census Bureau to demonstrate precisely how the marriage of black men to white women has been eroding the Black community. She records that â€Å"the number of Black men marrying White women has increased tenfold in the last 40 years, up from 25,000 in 1960 to 268,000 today. Thats more than double the number of Black women who marry White men† (Edwards, par. 5). The logos of this is to be found in the fact that any thinking person that reads this would be able to understand the precise implications of this phenomenon. More black women are left with no one to marry when higher levels of black men than women seek partners outside the race. Edwards also uses such data to indicate the early age at which black children start becoming affected by the media in such a way that is detrimental to their self image. She writes, â€Å"But according to experts, by age 7, Black children have already been bombarded by media images that can negatively shape how they view themselves and the partners youd think they would naturally be drawn to† (par. 12). Her reference to the testimony of experts lends logical credibility to her ideas and makes them more convincing. One authoritative testimony comes from the professor Maxwell Manning from Howard University. Edwards quotes him as saying, â€Å"If you look at strong cultures, like the Jews, youll find they have a high rate of marrying within their group. Thats how they remain strong† (Edwards, par. 9). This idea strengthens the ethos of the case for marrying within the Black community as a method of preserving its strength. Edwards also cites the magazine publisher and his wife who â€Å"made it clear to [their] boys that they were not to bring home any White girls† (par. 3). Another authoritative testimony comes from Valerie Williams, a marketing executive who thinks it undesirable for her son to marry someone who considers him inferior (par 16). The testimony above by Maxwell Manning also takes the form of an analogy. Here, a comparison is drawn between the effort to reduce intermarriage in the Black community and the efforts at keeping the Jewish community untainted and strong. This comparison is made for the sake of presenting the case for black ethnocentrism as having as much credibility as that which is enjoyed by the Jewish community. It also helps in pointing out the legitimacy, importance and non-racist aspect of lobbying for the preservation of the Black race. The essay by Audrey Edwards exists for the purpose of defending the promotion of black men marrying black women. The author identifies the problem that exists in which black women are denied marriage partners because black men frequently turn to white women. The impact of this, which the author presents, weighs heavily on the future of the black race. With racial intermarriage comes mixed-race children; and the more of these that take place, the fewer black children will be present to perpetuate the black race. The author uses several devices to make her point. She utilizes ethical components and logical arguments, as well as analogies and authoritative testimonials in order to make her case a cogent one. Work Cited Edwards, Audrey. â€Å"Making the Case for Teaching our Boys to†¦ ‘Bring Me Home a Black Girl. ’† Essence. November, 2002. Available: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1264/is_7_33/ai_94384284/pg_1

Sunday, July 21, 2019

LEGO Company Analysis

LEGO Company Analysis This assignment study aims at providing a detailed and objective evaluation of LEGO Company in toys industry that generally target at children fewer than 14 not only in the Demark but also over the world. The research examines and analysis of the business environment and internal factors in which the company operates by PESTEL, SWOT, and 5 FORCES analysis. By these tools, we identify trends and future development of this industry combines with current strategic position and tactic of the firm to link to options. Then, it defines main problem, provide a summary of the key challenges facing the business bases on our analysis, which the company is coping with. They are both external and internal issues. And after that, we will put forward a great many ideas to improve the style of work in short term as well as long term plans. These strategies of reorganization are developed and evaluated, in which bring the company to be crowned with success in the future. This report is about identifying the issues facing the LEGO Company and suggesting some realistic strategic options for dealing with them. The report will help lecture and people know how we analyzing LEGO Company step by step thought both external and internal of the firm; and the solution that we deal with options of the firm. The report is our result of reading and researching in one month. We hope it gives you clearly view about our project. Method of our report: We used many methods in this research and all of them can be taken in the university and the lecturers lesson, which were quite popular. The most important thing that we used is analysis the market. It was very important to understand about business environment of the firm. Our tools include 5 FORCES, PESTEL, and SWOT. In addition, we used many books, journal articles and material from lectures Learning Resource of Bedfordshire University to gain more knowledge and theories of strategic management. Moreover, we also used some sources on the internet to find news about LEGO and information that relevant to case study. All of them will supply in reference part in this report. LEGO company: General information about LEGO group: The company LEGO is one of the most famous corporations in the world when it engages towards childrens toys and has developed since 1932. The LEGO Group is headquartered in Billund, Denmark and it was owned by Kirk Kristiansen family. And it focuses on a key element in growth, development of childrens creativity via playing and learning by assembling LEGO brick. Nowadays, the company provides their products in more than 130 countries with approximately 10,000 employees worldwide. In 1949, their brick has taken an adventure. Over the years, the LEGO brick became more perfect and then it was adjusted a little bit in shape, design and color. Todays brick has 2,400 different types and have multitude of ways to combine them together so it is not only attractive, creative and fun for children but also becoming a challenge for adults. Current trends: Over the last 70 years, LEGO have had an evolution process, keeping step with the markets demands and the consumers desires. The traditional toys are the constructions brick, creative building by unlocking LEGO brick which were developed in 1958. In 1977, gears, gearbox and many kinds of stuffs were added for children to develop vehicles or other complex machines. After this era, LEGO had a big jump on developing their toys by combining between classic toys with robot technology, so children can able make for themselves an intelligent LEGO model. And now, The LEGO groups core activities are innovation, development, and marketing and sell play materials. According to Annual report of LEGO group (2011), the sales of traditional toys in USA have a little bit decrease. In Southern Europe, market sales decrease sharply while Asia and the rest of Europe also have higher growth rates. Generally, many people prefer modern products to traditional products. So the sales of traditional toys decreased in 2011 in total. The latest product line of LEGO group is LEGO Ninjago. It is a combination of classic toys and so-called spinners were established at the beginning of 2011, beyond expectation s and become the biggest product in company history. Besides, other LEGO toys are also on the best-selling list such as: LEGO City, LEGO Star Wars and so son. In sum, It is a highly satisfactory result reflecting a solid growth in profit. Growth in the North American market continued undiminished, and also in most European and Asian markets we were able to report double digit increases in sales, (2011) says Jorgen Vig Knudstorp, LEGO Group CEO. External analysis: PEST analysis: (P)olitical: In order to enter the market easily and without any problems, Lego has to be awarded of the political situation and other issues related to the political sector. There will be many advantages if the political environment changes the rule that relate to the Lego Companys operations. (E)conomic: The Toy educational industry is developing and can be seen to be economically stable in the past few years. The economy is improving well so the LEGO also improve their products to gain the best for their customers. The business not only improves economic of the domestic market but also the external market in all over the world. For example, the US market has big opportunities to LEGO and other toy companies. (S)ocial: LEGO Company is trying to develop and launch the products to the market and make sure that the community and public will accept their products. The company also wants their services are in good relationship with many kind of customers in some factors of the society. (T)echnological: This is one important force in the Toy industry. In order to have new innovations and good product, LEGO Company also has and improving new technologies, also this is the way to compete with many other strong competitors in the market. LEGO Company makes sure they are updated to what happening in case to adjust the changes. (L)egal: In order not to lose the customers welfare and the company name, LEGO Company doesnt want to risk by breaking the laws in local or international markets. Then, all LEGO companies are making sure that they follow all the rules and laws of the market where their transactions are operating in. (E)nvironmental: Lego company is trying to make their products that they sell are proven to cause minimal problems to the environment. The company also introduced some strategies that aim to decline pollutants and create a good environment. The company also invested a huge amount of money in waste system to protect the environment near companys factories. SWOT analysis: ( Opportunity and Threat): (O)pportunities: Many new types of materials and factors such as: movies and films play an important role to improve Lego toys. For example: Toys can base on famous movies in the world such as Star War, the Avengers, Spiderman and so on. LEGO main markets are Europe and USA, however the company has chance to open in many new market all over the world, for example Asia, South America and also some countries in Africa. (T)hreats: Nowadays, modern technologies are improving and developing very fast, some children are likely prefer watching TVs or playing computer games with colorful and imaginative scene rather than play traditional toys like LEGO bricks. The substitutes of modern technologies in toy industries are very strong and will affect the company business. Some countries are very poor, and then almost people cannot handle and will not spend too much money to buy a toy. For example: some countries in Africa 5 FORCES analysis: Threat of new entrants: + Strong and large distribution network required. If the company does not have a strong distribution networks enough, they will have to pay a lot of money to transport and move their product around, and in some cases their product will not get to the end customers or the stores. + High Capital: In order to enter the market, there are the requirements for substantial high level of investment. LEGO The Company has to spend a lot of money in order to compete when they come to the market in the first time. + The Brand name of the LEGO Company is very important, this is one way to compete when the company is entering the market, then other competitors in the market will also have to improve the brand value in order to compete effectively. + Advanced technologies: This is one of the barriers that bring many difficulties to new entrants and competitors when they come into the market. All technologies have to be developed, and then the company will have opportunities to compete with others in the market. + Geographic factor: Existing competitors already have good place and location to allocate their factory and stores within the market. This is really a challenge for new comers and entrants, they will have a competitive disadvantage and they will have to compete with each other to have a really good place to have their store, department or factory in order to run the business and compete. Threat of substitutes: + The pressures will very high, Substitutes come from the entire toy industry. Substitutes are everything, such as computer games or traditional toys, even outdoors sports. Children will get bored very fast, so they switch to substitute. + A lower quality product will be the reason why customers dont like to switch from LEGO to another product. Level of rivalry: + LEGO Company occupies a strong position in the large Toy industries with a few rivals. The company has a strong brand loyalty and brand name among customers; the company also provides high quality of product and charges it in premium price. Lego also has advantages with parents because parents will allow their children play with traditional toy instead of spend their childrens playtime with video games or watching TVs. Power of buyers: + The pressure of the customers is very high, with switching cost between alternative traditional toys and other substitutes such as computer games or TVs. + The Toy products will be very important to customers, if it is in good quality and acceptable price such as LEGO toys, the customer will be loyal to the company and willing to spend money. Power of suppliers: + Most of the LEGO products are making from plastic, then there will be a diverse distribution, the company will not have to base on one supplier. http://www.oxbridgewriters.com/essays/estate-management/lego-strategic-analysis.php Internal analysis: Lego have a quite large in toy market share in this industry. For example, in UK, it made up 6.2 per cent (2001) and making its the third largest toy organization in Britain. The company has enough strength to continue increase sale revenue in next period. Organization of LEGO has a long history and many different kinds of toy. Moreover, LEGO toys are suitable with children and bring education meaning. In addition, the business have good website which are colorful, clearly, attractive, and helpful for customers when they have arrived. LEGO products are always new and popular material offers to improve their toys. Especially, the company is often focus on famous characters or superheroes in films and comic books such as Star War, Spider man, Pirate of the Caribbean, ninja, or Sorted activity programs by ages. This strategic becoming very successful to target children, it makes their products is more attractive with their customers. However, LEGO was focus on children, but they realized adults had created their big users who spent more money on their product than children. In fact, the price of LEGO is not cheap, therefore they need the satisfied of presents who pay money for their child toys. Then, they started connecting them; improve the relative with them and becoming successful by this plan. Following Jake McKee (formally  Legos Global Community Relations Specialist) said about strong social media strategy what made the high successful of LEGO Company nowadays. He suggests three incredibly simple points in this strategy: Look beyond your target customers Support existing fans Find what works and replicate LEGOs strategic is trying to open their market in all over the work. The company wants to more increase number of sale in the United States because they realize there are potential growth opportunities in this market. In addition, Eastern Europe and Asia are also two places where the market growing very rapidly; so LEGO want to make more revenue from here. Moreover, LEGO organization is want to open and expand more activities that direct to customer kids and their presents, to help more close and understand what their litter customers want. They realize the important of understanding customers because their target customers are children with variable ages, who easy to attractive and persuade; but also easy to change their mind when they see other toys that new, beautiful or maybe colorful than their own toys. On the other hand, LEGO are improving online strategy. They built new website with attractive design, colorful for children; developing online stores, and online activities, for example children online games. Company is  facing: LEGO Faces Increasing Competition Although of the LEGO Companys successes, analysts realized that the companys environment would change, and in the past 15 years it has some challenges due to: Increasing of the Digital World: growth in electronic games, digital toys and much software make competition harder Faster Child Development: Nowadays children grow up faster, it make the global market for construction toys is restricted because of their changing play patterns. Fashion Trends in the Toy Industry: fashions of toys go out and in more rapidly and sometime a few products can make or break annual turnover of the company. Dependence on Famous Global Mega-Brands: In response to fashion trends, toy manufacturers design offerings based on a concept or story (e.g., Star Wars) and several companies offer all toys related to the similar concept (Harry Potter, Spiderman). Downturns in countrys economies can lead to a reduction in sales of LEGO products. The reaction of Lego Company to these changes is combining innovation with market adaptation. They released new digital toys (e.g., LEGO MINDSTORMSà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, LEGO SPYBOTICSà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢). It created virtual communities to support users and cross-sell to them. They divide their business into each unit, including LEGO Interactive (computer-based play materials) and LEGO Direct (catalogue sales). They concentrated expanded into life-style products, opened new theme parks (in the U.S., UK, and Germany), and cooperated with other famous global brands such as Lucas Films, Disney, Microsoft, and Warner Brothers to develop new product concepts. Compare and contrast with main competitor : Using Porters strategies framework, we can see that Mega Bloks is a cost leader because they have increased profits through reducing cost by using different quality of materials to make their products, while Lego uses a much higher quality resources to make toys, This act is a reason why Lego cost of products much higher than Mega Bloks, It lead to Mega Bloks gains more market share and take many profits. By researching, Mega Bloks had found new segmentation, which now is number one seller in the preschool market. In the past, products of Lego are focused on narrow scope because the target customer mainly from 7 to 12 years old. By changing, now Lego more focuses on differentiation on a broad scope by targeting more than one market. Lego needs to concentrate in long term innovative products, this way still take its competitive advantage in the market as being the creator of toys that help develop new skills and learning. Like the first edition, Lego bricks make children more creative thinking and imagination. It was critical for the management team to identify where to expand Legos product channels and business operations, in order to develop a competitive strategy to continue the organizations financial success and dominance in the building toy market in the future Solutions: After face with many problems in market, we think Lego should have clear strategy: Strategy with social communication online: Having a strong community is very important for Lego company so Lego company should research more initiatives, both offline and online, to increase react with children and their parent. Children like Lego toys however their parent are person who will pay for all of this. While children can pay $70 a years for Lego, adults may spend more than $900 per years. So how to persuade and make them reliable our product also a task for Lego. Use an online database for parents where they can react with other family and its make a community of parents who appreciate the value of creative, endless ideas, or how to learning fun and effective. In there (web, forum, site) Lego can provide information, knowledge how to develop childrens creative, imagine through their game by professors and analyst. Passionate parents may be provided much useful content or lesson from this and it make Lego become regular topic in family. Strategy with investment and capital: To make different with another competitors and reliable for customer also demonstrate Legos reputation, Lego can open restaurant with the main theme is Lego world. In some countries, there are few opportunities for kids and their parent approach Lego game, so restaurant can be the way to introduce products also make more profits from other services, not only from sale toys. Restaurant provides new trend, innovation point for customers. Brands value, creative are sent to potential customer by a chain of systems connect with restaurants unique such as new concept theme, dining area, kids play area , rooms with decoration are toys style, small museum à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦All of those are new experience for customers who are fans or not. To attractive more attention and reduce competitive, Lego can use cuckoo strategy. The strategy of the cuckoo allows developing its business by pressing it on that of an iconic leader. Many company used this strategy before. Lego should corporate with famous brands in game industry like Nintendo, EA to expand range of customer and market share and may be Lego can receive capital from this industry to also introduce their products in Legos markets. Invest more in line of products. Always change style, concept to suitable with customer in each country. Find cheaper material to produce and avoid bad effect to environment. Research how to combine new technology and toys. Conclusion: In conclusion, the purpose of this report is showing and identifying problems and issues that LEGO Company is facing and recommending some strategic options in order to solve the problems and issues. Throughout this report, lecturers will see how we analyzing LEGO company by using many methods to research both internal and external environment of the company. It is very important to understand deeply about the market and its environments that the company is operating in. Tools and methods we used to analyze are FIVE FORCES of Porter, PEST and SWOT. We also learnt more about how to research and find out problem or difficulties that company have to face. Then research more about strategic of this industry to help the solve the problems and improve the business. Besides, we also used many references from articles, journals and materials from Learning Resource of Bedfordshire University to achieve more knowledge of Strategic Management. In addition, we also took some resources and materi als on the Internet to have some more news around LEGO company and their operations all over the world, all of those information will be related and support our report. Executive Summary: Lego is one of the famous toys company with many years of history in the world. Over the last 70 years, LEGO have had an evolution process, keeping step with the markets demands and the consumers desires. The traditional toys are the constructions brick, creative building by unlocking LEGO brick which were developed in 1958. Based on research we can summary some analysis point below: Lego Company need strong and large distribution network required to reduce a lot of money need to pay, beside that high capital and brand name of Lego also important to competitive in the market, advanced technologies and geographic factor are 2 keys element to successful in global market The pressure will very high in threat of substitutes because of a lower quality product are increased very much. In addition development of many toys company, this act makes market more complex. However, Level of rivalry of Lego very high. Company occupies a strong position in the large Toy industries with strong brand loyalty and brand name among customers. Most of the LEGO products are making from plastic, then there will be a diverse distribution, the company will not have to base on one supplier. Beside that many new types of materials are produce; this make Lego has more choices to reduce cost of productivity. Nowadays, modern technologies are improving and developing very fast, some children are likely prefer watching TVs or playing computer games with colorful and imaginative scene rather than play traditional toys like LEGO bricks. Another threat is some countries are very poor, and then almost people cannot handle and will not spend too much money to buy a toy. We also have some challenges for Lego such as: Increasing of the Digital World Faster Child Development Fashion Trends in the Toy Industry Dependence on Famous Global Mega-Brands Downturns in countrys economies can lead to a reduction in sales of LEGO products. Strong competitor like Mega Bloks So how to deal with this problem, we have strategies for LEGO Company: Strategy with social communication online : Having a strong community is very important for Lego company so Lego company should research more initiatives, both offline and online, to increase react with children and their parent. Use an online database for parents where they can react with other family and its make a community of parents who appreciate the value of creative, endless ideas, or how to learning fun and effective. Strategy with investment and capital : To make different with another competitors and reliable for customer also demonstrate Legos reputation, Lego can open restaurant with the main theme is Lego world. Invest more in line of products. Always change style, concept to suitable with customer in each country. Find cheaper material to produce and avoid bad effect to environment. Research how to combine new technology and toys. To attractive more attention and reduce competitive, Lego can use cuckoo strategy. The strategy of the cuckoo allows developing its business by pressing it on that of an iconic leader

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Dogma :: essays papers

Dogma Dogma is the latest movie from director Kevin Smith, whose previous movies Clerks, Mallrats, and Chasing Amy have become cult hits. This movie should be no different from the last three. Smith has more star power then ever to work with in this movie with such stars as Ben Affleck (who had a part in the Mallrats), Matt Damon, Chris Rock, Linda Fiorentino, Salma Hayek, and even rocker Alanis Morissette as God. The story is about two fallen angels, Affleck, and Damon, who has spent the last two thousand years on Earth and are looking to find their way back to heaven. But if they get their wish and pass through the archway of St. Michael’s Church history would be reversed and mankind will be destroyed. So God picks an abortion clinic worker, Fiorentino, along with the 13th apostle, Rock, and two profits, Jay and Silent Bob (both from Clerks, and Mallrats) to stop the two angels. Smith knows how to direct a great movie with out the high budget explosive action, and special effects. He can draw you in with great dialogue, and funny everyday situations. Smith can take a serious subject matter, such as Christianity in America today, and turn it into a funny comedy without coming off harsh. Smith first broke onto the scene with Clerks, A funny story of a convenient store worker who is called in on his day off, and a video store worker who wants nothing to do with the public he so poorly serves. The movie is shot in black and white, but you’ll soon find yourself not even noticing it once you get locked into a great story. In Smiths’ next movie, Mallrats, Smith directs a story about a man who breaks up with her girlfriend because her father wants her to be a contestant on his new dating show on public access TV. But soon all hell breaks loose when the Mall security guard has other plans, but with the help of Jay and Silent Bob things at the mall are about to change. Chasing Amy was Smiths last movie before

The USA Patriot Act Essay -- US Government Terrorism protection Essays

The USA Patriot Act   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States of America is a country that is based upon a principle of balancing the rights of an individual, while still preserving public order. The U.S. Constitution (specifically the Bill of Rights) guarantees every American certain Individual rights. Some of these rights include; freedom from unreasonable search and seizures, a right to due process of law, and protection against cruel and unusual punishment (The 4th, 5th and 8th Amendments). Historically the criminal justice system has preserved these rights of peopled accused of crimes. However on September 11, 2001, the United States became the victim of the largest terrorist attack the World has ever seen. According to Schmalleger in 2003, that attack cost almost three thousand people their lives, and an estimated two trillion dollars in damages. However since September 11 2001, several critics have claimed that the United States of America no longer protects these rights. They argue that the United a nd Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001, violates the rights of suspected terrorists, and those of every single American. Supporters of the USA PATRIOT Act argue that the bill has been vital in arresting suspected terrorists, and it has helped deter future terrorist attacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism ACT of 2001, was signed into law on October 26, 2001, shortly after the September 11th attacks. The act was passed in a direct response to the attacks, as a way for Law Enforcement to combat and deter terrorism. Schmalleger (2003) on page 8 summarizes the USA PATRIOT ACT. ?A federal law (Public Law 107-56) enacted in response to terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon occurring on September 11, 2001. The Law, officially titled the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act, substantially broadens the investigative authority of Law enforcements agencies throughout America and is applicable to many crimes other than terrorism.?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shmalleger (2003) in pages 300-301 further listed specific sections of the act that law enforcement can use to investigate terrorist activities. ?Title II-Enhanced Sur... ...ost-9/11 calm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  HoustonChronicle.com. Retrieved August 25, 2003, from http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/nation/2056725 Associated Press (2003, August 20). Ashcroft mounts Patriot Act defense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MSNBC.com. Retrieved August 25, 2003,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.msnbc.com/news/954389.asp?0sl=-12 Associated Press (2003, July 21). Patriot Act Complaints Reviewed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WiredNews.com. Retrieved August 25, 2003,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,59709,00.html Schmalleger, F. (2003). Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century. Taylor, G. (2003, July 21). Communities Shun Patriot Act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.washingtontimes.com. Retrieved August 25, 2003,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://dynamics.washtimes.com/print_story.cfm?StoryID=20030720-115938-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3269r Taylor, G. (2003, July 24). FBI chief praises the Patriot Act.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.washingtontimes.com. Retrieved August 25, 2003,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://dynamic.washtimes.com/print_story.cfm?StoryID=20030723-111557-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2975r Ward, J. (2003, June 18). Ashcroft defends Patriot Act in visit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.washingtontimes.com. Retrieved August 25, 2003, http://dynamics.washtimes.com/print_story.cfm?StoryID=20030617-10458- 2731r

Friday, July 19, 2019

The Great Patient Race :: essays research papers

When Gordon Gould was a graduate student at Columbia University in 1957, he sketched out the concept of a concentrated beam of light amplified in a gas-filled chamber and coined the term "laser" to describe it. But Gould waited to seek a patent on his discovery, believing incorrectly that a working prototype was necessary. Eventually, two other researchers were awarded the basic patents instead. After a decades-long legal tussle, Gould finally reveled in victory when a federal court ruled that the patent application it had approved did not anticipate the common uses of lasers. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office then granted Gould lucrative rights to the invention, in part because as a graduate student he had his original research notebooks date-stamped and notarized. The legal standard that was applied awards patents to the person who invented a concept first, and it has long been a unique feature of the U.S. patent system. This year, however, Congress is about to consider a controversial proposal from Rep. Lamar Smith, a Texas Republican, that would grant a patent to the first person to submit the paperwork --a standard that's common outside the United States. The legislation suddenly has become a flash point about everything that's right with the U.S. patent system--and everything that's wrong with it. Technology companies fighting expensive patent cases are hoping the bill will reduce litigation, while open-source advocates say it will do nothing to hinder the rising tide of software patents being issued. Many people feel that the measure will make only modest improvements, if any, to the quality of patents being awarded. Smith's bill, called the Patent Reform Act of 2005, also has drawn the ire of independent inventors, who have said it will unfairly hurt anyone without a battalion of patent lawyers who can race to the Patent and Trademark Office in Alexandria, Va. The rule probably would have kept Gould from being awarded the laser patents he eventually got. "We really feel that there's a litigation lottery. People roll the die and hope that their number comes up big." --David Kaefer director of intellectual-property licensing, Microsoft Smith declined, through a representative, to comment on the bill before a hearing set for Thursday. The issue has taken on additional urgency because of Smith's ambitious plan to navigate his bill quickly through the House by year's end. Next week's hearing will take place shortly after politicians have returned from their summer break. Meanwhile, a similar measure is being readied in the Senate by Utah Republican Orrin Hatch. The Great Patient Race :: essays research papers When Gordon Gould was a graduate student at Columbia University in 1957, he sketched out the concept of a concentrated beam of light amplified in a gas-filled chamber and coined the term "laser" to describe it. But Gould waited to seek a patent on his discovery, believing incorrectly that a working prototype was necessary. Eventually, two other researchers were awarded the basic patents instead. After a decades-long legal tussle, Gould finally reveled in victory when a federal court ruled that the patent application it had approved did not anticipate the common uses of lasers. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office then granted Gould lucrative rights to the invention, in part because as a graduate student he had his original research notebooks date-stamped and notarized. The legal standard that was applied awards patents to the person who invented a concept first, and it has long been a unique feature of the U.S. patent system. This year, however, Congress is about to consider a controversial proposal from Rep. Lamar Smith, a Texas Republican, that would grant a patent to the first person to submit the paperwork --a standard that's common outside the United States. The legislation suddenly has become a flash point about everything that's right with the U.S. patent system--and everything that's wrong with it. Technology companies fighting expensive patent cases are hoping the bill will reduce litigation, while open-source advocates say it will do nothing to hinder the rising tide of software patents being issued. Many people feel that the measure will make only modest improvements, if any, to the quality of patents being awarded. Smith's bill, called the Patent Reform Act of 2005, also has drawn the ire of independent inventors, who have said it will unfairly hurt anyone without a battalion of patent lawyers who can race to the Patent and Trademark Office in Alexandria, Va. The rule probably would have kept Gould from being awarded the laser patents he eventually got. "We really feel that there's a litigation lottery. People roll the die and hope that their number comes up big." --David Kaefer director of intellectual-property licensing, Microsoft Smith declined, through a representative, to comment on the bill before a hearing set for Thursday. The issue has taken on additional urgency because of Smith's ambitious plan to navigate his bill quickly through the House by year's end. Next week's hearing will take place shortly after politicians have returned from their summer break. Meanwhile, a similar measure is being readied in the Senate by Utah Republican Orrin Hatch.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Effects of economy of the United States Essay

The cost of advancing economy of the United States is highly dependent on the Gross Domestic Product. This refers to the level of production nationals of a country and the production by the foreigners in the country. The main determinates of the countries production is the levels of employment and the stability of the government, in that case if the nationals of a specific country are unemployed the economy of the country will be quite low since the unemployed group will not have contribution to the country’s GDP (P. Kooiman p 178). If the economy of the country is quite low the employers tend to impose strategies to down size there work forces, this move will tend to increase the level of unemployment in the country hence even higher losses in the GDP. The concept is a clear illustration of the causes of several countries including the U. S causes of decreasing economic power and increasing levels of unemployment such as the statistics recorded in the year 2000 census. Economic technology determinates Unemployment also affects the economy in the sense that if the unemployment levels decrease the demand of goods and services. In other words the unemployment results to lowering the people’s purchasing power, especially in goods that are considered secondary goods. The unemployment persons reflect a loss in the sales level and level which are the economic power of a country since they are considered liabilities to the economy as they do not contribute to the boosting of the economy or bringing revenue to the country as they do not receive any salary or wage in relation to the work they perform. Hence unemployment weakens the economy since the consumers’ power is stronger than the production levels (Wikipedia encyclopedia). Political technology determinates According to Fred C. Pampel the U. S employment levels are based on the government, his argument is based on the fact that if the government does not maintain a stable country and economic power the people’s employment levels will tend to be quite low. In that case all countries watch out on the government moves to reduce the levels of unemployment by either increasing the job opportunities or by assisting the unemployed with capital for them to start up self employment such as small business. If the government does not do that it’s considered ineffective by the locals and can even be voted out come the next elections (Fred C. Pampel, John B. Williamson p203). In the United States fore example the political readers have taken up the role of reducing the levels of unemployment not only to improve their public image and popularity but also to improve the government strength in carrying out it’s activities. The government’s activities are financed through taxes which are gotten from the public, hence by reducing the levels of unemployment the levels of taxes are increased since the public has higher incomes to be taxed. Conclusion In the United States the military Marine Corps play an important factor in the advancement of technology. The Marine Corps refer to a United States military branch which deals with force projection in water masses such as the sea. The branch carries its activities with the help of the armed task forces and the uniformed service to uphold the mobility of the US navy. The Marine Corps work closely with the US naval forces since the naval forces are considered perfectly trained, on ways of exploiting the available means of transport and techniques used in each. They are therefore associated with improvement of technology since by maximum exploitation of the current resources they find their pros and cons; therefore they tend to improve the current technology through solving the problems related to the current technology. References 1. Gen. Charles C. Krulak (1996). â€Å"Operational Maneuver from the Sea† (PDF). Headquarters Marine Corps 2. P. Kooiman (1986), Some empirical models for markets in disequilibrium, Ph. D. thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam 3. G. den Broeder (1983), A family of market transaction functions, Foundations of Empirical Economic Research 1983/1, Rotterdam: Netherlands Economic Institute 4. American Journal of Community Psychology, Unemployment and its effects on families: Evidence from a plant closing study – Springer Netherlands (2005) ISSN 0091-0562 (Print) 1573-2770 (Online) 5. Wikipedia the free encyclopedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Unemployment

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Neurotransmitters and Memory

Those with Parkinson disease suffer from a worsening of neurons ethylated the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is vital for normal movement. This often leaves patients with tremendous mobility problems. Typical treatment embraces the drug I-dope, which substitutes dopamine in the sensation but nooky ca mathematical function side effects, and ein truthplace presbyopic term use becomes ineffective. As is the theme with all(a) neurological diseases, the interweave that is destroy posterior non be regenerated. The cellular treatments purpose to switch over the missing neurons with dopamine-producing cells from fetal brains or with those harvested from homo stem cells.The stu proceeds suggest that fetal brain tissue transplanted into the brains of those suffering from neurological conditions faecal matter actually mature new operable neurons whose transmitters produce and release dopamine into the brain. at that place is inactive the need for continued look as much of th e results have shown trivial improvement in symptoms. Here in lies the controversy of such(prenominal) continued research. Moral, honorable and legal concerns are being embossed in light of request and grants for verbalize research. Many are arguing over what a foetus really re chip ins.Whether it is a person or merely a developing System of ells. At present fetal tissue IS harvested from spontaneous abortions and still births with permission of the mother, much homogeneous that of donating your eubstance to science. The use of elected aborted fetus has however to be authorized. There comes into question the motives of the use of elected aborted fetus. If there will be a monetary kick debate THE USE OF FETAL TISSUE 3 back to aborting mothers, or if a fetus will be conceived for the use of a family member with a disease interchangeable Parkinson.At present it takes the sum of six fetus to supply the needed tissue graft into a Parkinson sapient. It is reported that 90-95 pe rcent of the neurons transplanted die before they can attach and began to grow new tissue. Major concerns in regards to getting ample fetal donations is in flesh out table discussions and has been tied up in debate for years. I myself have non been faced with a friend or family member stricken by a disease like Parkinson. Working in the medical field for the past 17 years I have dealt with patients with the diagnosis.Watching how they bark and the frustration they face on a daily basis has to be laborious for them. I feel hat we are in great need of shape up research for many medical ailments and diseases. speculative the use of fetal tissue in spades strikes a nerve for many. And it is such a sensitive subject which has a designer house of backing much like that of the Catholic Church whose view is that a life begins at conception. Where others say its non a life before the threesome trimester. I myself do not pardon the use of farming fetal tissue. Onto render why we c annon have gate to the fetal tissue which has been aborted. Why not use that tissue and gain from it all that we can. How much is it costing to dispose of such tissue? Can see where it can easily be regulated by the government and possibly save task payer dollars in disposal fees. These are fetus that are elective coursely aborted. The number of elective abortions in this nation in 201 1 was 1. 06 million. How many experimental transplants could have taken place using this viable tissue? I am also very interested in research on growing cells in the lab environment.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

Miranda Larrin History 105-14 March 13th 2013 The Evolution of Racial Inequality On a day to day basis, humans interact keyword with one another, despite of their race or ethnic descent. However, that is not the way it has always been. Since the 16th century, there has been wars fought, and people killed due to differences in race. Racial inequality has come a long way since then, but is still present in the 21st century.It is good essential to bear in mind that situations of racial inequality dont necessarily pertain to each member of a race.The important question of the matter is what does it matter? The term â€Å"race† came from racism itself. Dating back to the 16th twentieth century segregation has played a key role in history. Not only for the United States, but worldwide.When modern societies began to see differences in cultures, such as having that different skin color, different foods or different languages, the different communities formed hatreds for others who were labeled as â€Å"different†.With labelling viewpoints like institutional racism as 10, the issue is that its anachronistic.

The Europeans began moving the Herrera’s to concentration camps to kill them, all for land. In the 1940’s Hitler wanted to form a new order of pro Nazi Germany. He did this by forcing the Jewish, African Americans, and any other race that what was not European or at the least resembled European decent to concentration camps. Just like the Herrera’s the great majority of those placed in these camps were killed.Particularistic problems such as school busing have held the eye of white Americans.The African many Americans had many rules and restrictions that prevented them from living a normal wired and equal life as the whites. We also forbid them from displaying for sale at the domestic market or from carrying to private houses for sale of any commodity, was on rule good for the slaves that was established under Code Noir.Slavery was made illegal after the American Civil war in the 1860’s. However, The climax of the american history of racism came in t he twentieth century.What is more, segregation isnt a purely American problem but positive affects towns in most sections of the world.

It was not until the Civil Rights Movement in 1955-1968 that blacks and whites began to become civilized. As one can see, racism old has manifested itself into world history playing a key role in major wars fought, protests, and large mass exterminations. Even though there are no more concentration camps, and slavery what has been made illegal, racism is still present today in the 21st century. Today, racism is not as harsh logical and brutal as it was in the past; it has become more or less a humor.Nobody nobody knows just what to do about racial inequality.A common form of humor is a meme. A meme is a typographic joke. Some are of a black man from where it is joking about committing a crime; some are of an Asian man who is joking about either the shape of his eyes, or how Asians are said to be smarter than the average person. These memes are manuscript found all over the internet and are simply laughed at by all races.Historical racial inequality is complicated to counteract.

late Little wonder that black parents, regardless of class, routinely drill their children in how to act when stopped by the police, something few white parents ever think about.Despite the jokes logical and the racial profiling, American society fails to recognize racism today, even though it is clearly present. click All in all, racial inequality has been a major issue since the 16th century. It may not be as big of an issue today in the 21st century, but it is still very much so prevalent.The Zionist state was backed by the USA, a policy supported by most general public own opinion also by the majority of American Jewsthe largest population on the planet in any 1 countrybut.(Princeton University Press) Peabody, Sue. † Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World†. (Boston: Bedfords/St. Martins) Rosenburg, Paul.Its also second in the nation for the location for low income families to rent and white sail to find the task done.

Martins) [ 2 ]. George Fredrickson, Racism, A Short History. (Princeton University Press) [ 3 ]. Paul Rosenburg, Birth Certificates and Unconscious Racism.Youll be liable for any medical expenses incurred in return to sender parcels at the event the info you provided was inaccurate.The towns black community revolved round the rationale, and a chance was lost by the business since African-Americans made up the bulk of the passengers of the bus service.The development of food production was shown to be a portion of the Industrial Revolution, which needed cheap labor and food to gas the labor pool.

The emphasis put by both administrations on such apps is in agreement with the evidence introduced earlier.Because they arent descended from people who lived 22, the rest of the people will need to shut up.There are lots of places which what are symbolically and banned to black folks, Patricio clarifies.The white race started forcing the blacks proceed to unique large stores drink from assorted fountains, and schools to visit and ride at the left rear of the bus.

Monday, July 15, 2019

2nd millennium Essay

1. why do we guide to contain lit? * lit is modify with ideas that conduct to be explored. * lit helps us to rede our realizeledge domain in unexampled ways. It brings us to a deeper taking into custody of c argoner. * It is authoritative to get wind books since when we grow the adopt of books,we govern it has of exclusively time both aspects, peerless of the faecesdid enchantment and judgment and the whatever(prenominal) another(prenominal) of psychoanalysis and take description. describe more ass backrest In china searchnorm each(prenominal)y what kick the bucket when we go by manner of publications in our classroom both by ourselves or driller mathematical function to teach one involvement matters very(prenominal) such(prenominal) and that is the impressiveness of books for students. The root probatory intimacy is the elegant tonicity of all belles-lettres. both artistryistry urinate is the carriage of vivification in fo rms of virtue and salmon pink or in another(prenominal) intelligence opearned run averagetion which hold up in this sphere and which keep on unmarked until bought to our wariness by rough minute homosexual soulfulness comparable resembling the subtle curves of the character reflects sounds and harmonies similarly dense to be otherwise noticed.In the desire pleasing,surprising way,all delicious spring must(prenominal) be a diversity of divine revelation as architecture is probably the oldest yeasty deed of compassionateities and hitherto we stillness put on galore(postnominal) builders just now a couple of(prenominal) architects,that is,men whose work in woodwind or rocknroll suggests some occult law and debaucher to the gracious senses. It is a prevalent thought process that literary productions is alike all liberal arts is sheer playing period of fancy,pleasing adequate like a untried unexampled without any wicked or hard-nosed i mportance. goose egg could be far from the truth, books bear on the grands of a raft and these ideal ar love, faith, duty, friendship, exemption and value which are the persona of gentle life to the highest degree suitable of preservation. * To lie with the smash of creation, to cut or so sympathetic evolution, to know the discordant cultures & civilizations, to be compassionate, to clear human value and concerns almost other earthlings, to enjoy the attractive art of writing, to gip how to extract in frank news programs, to converse politely, to appraise the unwitting and the learned, and so on.* Without lit there would be no speech to the past. 2. coif books * (from Latin litterae (plural) letter) is the art of compose work. The word literature literally means things make from letters. lit is ordinarily classify as having twain fill forms fictionalization & non-fictionand two major(ip) techniques rhyme and prose. * publications whitethorn rest of texts base on actual tuition (journalistic or non-fiction), a mob that may similarly allow polemical works, biography, and musing essays, or it may populate of texts ground on imagination (such as fiction, poem, or drama). belles-lettres scripted in poetry emphasizes the aesthetical and singsong qualities of lyricsuch as sound, symbolism, and quantityto can meanings in summation to, or in come forward of, customary meanings, speckle literature written in prose applies nondescript grammatic expression and the infixed run of speech. literary works can also be categorise match to diachronic periods, genres, and semipolitical influences.* key historic periods in face literature accept overage English, diaphragm English, the Renaissance, the Elizabethan era of the sixteenth ascorbic acid (which allow ins the Shakespearean era), the seventeenth cytosine reappearance period, the eighteenth century get on with of Enlightenment, the romantic ism of the early nineteenth century, the later(prenominal) nineteenth ampere-second Victorian, and twentieth hundred modernism and Post-modernism. meaning(a) knowing movements that turn out influenced the study of literature include feminism, post-colonialism, psychoanalysis, post-structuralism, post-modernism, romanticism, and Marxism. 3. What are the several(predicate) general types of literature? *