The Unexpected Essay Example for Free

The Unexpected EssayShe opened the mail box, as she expected there is a letter lying in there waiting for her to scatter it up. She walked into the house, trying to find the paper knife to unseal the letter. You tush obviously see the letter its been c arfully wrapped by the back of a poster, and you can clearly see the picture on the back side. Finally Julia saw the paper knife is hidden under Lydias little coddle, its a slip of paper bear stuffy, but in Lydias mind, thats her little girl. Julia yelledLydia, why is the paper knife is under the teddy? What did you do with that? Didnt I spot that knifes are dangerous?But mommy, my baby is sick, she needs a surgery, and you werent home, so I save did it by myself. Lydia murmured, thats what she always does when she realize if manything seems not quite right. Julia picked the paper knife up and sat down, cut the envelope open, and the neat writing reminds her 3 geezerhood ago, when she just got divorced with Joe, her ex-hu sband. Joe and Julia met when they were so young, and at the moment they met they knew separately other was the ace, soon after 5 years of relationships they got engaged on Julias twenty-sixth birthday.And after 51 weeks little Julia was born. Everything seems so perfect until Julia found out some clocks when Joe had couple of beers he will be so rude to them, he would even swear to littlie Lydia, she in the end had enough and signed the divorce paper, she asked for nothing but Julia. Because after she became a mother, she became more than sensitive, she will do anything to protect her, thats her hire out and withal her mother of nature. Joe is so mad at Julia he thinks he loves little Lydia just as much as Julia does, even more than her. But apparently as mom Julia doesnt think so, she forced Joe to live, she reported the local child protective service, and the local newspaper had Joe on their headline. Because its a small town and Joe is some unmatchable in this town, so he was so humiliated. He couldnt help the anger on himhey Julia, what goes around comes around, what you con direct mounte to me someday you will get to accept for this Julia and Lydia finally got some peaceful at home, in a beautiful Sunday afternoon, Julia and Lydia cuddling in the couch watching the newSichuan earthquake or had a deadly earthquake that measured at 8.0-7.9 at .109 56-628 0n Monday. Killing an estimated 68,000 people. then the news switches to a video of how people are doing in Sichuan, theremains of the building, the searching team searching for survivors. Julia looks so sad her tears are trembling in her eyes. She criedoh my god, weve got save these kids. Come on, lets go online and find out if there is any way we can help them so they went on the meshing found a list of children with names, address, pictures and about their situations. They saw a young boy is about 16 his name is Qiuqiu, his dad passed away when he was 5 because of kidney cancer, his mom raise d him by herself, and it was a tough life. His mom died during the earthquake, when the earthquake happens, and they were having a nap. And as soon as the earthquake happens, his mom ran into his room, woke him up, and dragged him into a control where there is a closet so it keeps a Seismic safety triangle. But they waited too hanker until the rescue team comes, and so his mom couldnt holding it up, finally she left before he does.And there is another girl who is a friend of Qiuqiu, she is unity year older than Qiuqiu, her name is fang, and she is an orphan, she was in a orphanage, but because she is quite old for someone to adopt her, because people usually likes the little one, so they will only remember their foster parents rather of birth parents. So she before the earthquake she was living with one of the nurse in the orphanage. But unfortunately she died in the debris flow that was caused by the earthquake. Julia chose them immediately, and past she decided to invite them to stay with them for a week. Julia wrote a long letter to them, she wrote down how sorry she is about Qiuqius mom, and she understands that how hard it must to being a single mom. And also she wrote to fang, that if she wants to stay in capital of Red China for good, she is always welcome to stay in her house, if she wants it, Julia can help her to find a perfect product line for her.And Lydia drew a picture of their beautiful condo in with lots of high buildings around. Julia is back with her flashback, and she gingerliness unfolds the letter Dear Julia and little Lydia, this is Qiuqiu and fang. Right now we are living together with all the children that lost their families in the earthquake. Lots of people came to visit us, and they were so nice. They brought us foods and daily necessities. Some couples came here adopted some younger kids. We are living like a big family, and we are enjoying this. Just yesterday, Papa Jingtao came to visit us, we called him papa Jingtao, becaus e he doesnt look that honorable when we saw him on TV, not at all. He sang with us, he told us fun stories about when he was young. And we decidednot to go to Beijing yet, we thought it might be fun if we work and finish school at the same time, we will go to universities in Beijing, and then we can cooperate up what do you think? Please say hi to little Lydia, we really love her drawings .. and they talked so much about the local government strengthened a temporary school for them so they can study while everything is on construction.So they kept writing to each other on and on, and Lydia is the one always wanted to contact with them, she saidthey are like my big brother and sister, and I just cant wait to meet them. Then Julia would send them checks as well, so Qiuqiu and fang will finish their school by that. They always talk about the cities are getting back together, and there is a new restaurant just opened, and there is a big shopping mall just opened. But they always jus t looked inside behind the door, because they dont have coin to afford anything. They are sleek over kids, they are easy to satisfy. It was like the blink of an eye, suddenly two years has past, and Lydia just sour her 7th birthday, Julia decided to make a birthday cake for Lydia, they got all the ingredients ready, and Julia suggesteddo you want to go to the mail box check if there is a letter from your brother and sister? So little Lydia went to the mail box, and what she brought back was a letter from Julias boss.Dear Julia, Im sorry to tell you this, but we already found a girl that will fit right in your position, she just graduated from a famous medical school. And I believe she will do a better job than you, after I talked to Joe last night, I realized maybe you should fins somewhere to continue your job.. Julia got angered, and she couldnt finish reading the letter, she cannot believe her boss fired her through email. But she couldnt show it that how angry she is, she ju st acted normal, because she doesnt want to ruining her little girls birthday. At night, after she put Lydia to bed, she called Joe immediately, what did you say to my boss exactly? Joe giggle on the other side of the phone I didnt say anything other than how you feel about your boss, and how you cant wait to leave there for good. Hey dont be mad, I was just helping you out. Oh forgot to tell you, Im taking the house back tomorrow. So you better start packing up now, in case you wont get any time for tomorrowThen he hanged up the phone before Julia was deprivation to say something.And there is only one sentence in her head what am I going to do? What am I going to do? What am I going to do? She is so perplexed shelost her job and her house just like that, through a letter and a phone call. After she finished bedevilment about all of those furniture and clothes, she started worrying about Qiuqiu and Fang, now she doesnt has any incomes, and she is never that kind of person would h ave money in the salvage account for the future uses. She used to have like the best job in the world except a noisy boss, but with high pay thats fine, with that she can afford Qiuqiu and fangs school fees and herself with Lydias cost of livings. But now what is she supposed to do. She has to find a job that gets quick money, also she has to find a place to live thats the most important thing.And she couldnt fall asleep at night. She keeps thinking about Qiuqiu and fang, can they still go to school without her financial supports? Then she decided to keep supporting them with money, she tried to find a job that is as good as the one she had before, but it wasnt easy. So she can only find some waiters job and babysitting. Lydia couldnt understand the change in a sudden, she just keeps request Julia what is going wrong, Julia just saidoh dont worry honey, its just a life experiencing. And Lydia thought her mommy is still working as a dentist thats been respected by lots of people, ac tually right now Julia is working as a waitress where she meets lots of rummy and rude people, but she doesnt want to tell her little girl, She wants Lydia still lives in the fairy tale. In the main time, she still keeps sending checks to Qiuqiu and fang, she use those invigorate words to encourage them, herself as well. She is so appreciated that Qiuqiu and fang didnt complain the money is less than before, they are still grateful about how much Julia did to her.And finally Qiuqiu and fang are coming to visit them, they came to Beijing a year ago, but Qiuqiu thinks its better If they start their career first, and when they go visit Julia. They dont want let Julia down, both of them are so good at art. When they first came here, they found some agencies to sell their work. People were so touched by their completely fresh and clean painting, they were so popular. People would spend so much money for their work, so they soon became rich. But they are still receiving money from Julia , they dont use it, they use that to help other kids that couldnt afford the school fees. And finally they decided to go visit Julia and Lydia. So they sent a letter to Julia, they asked for Lydias address, but they didnt say when they are coming. It still made little Lydia jumped, she finally get to meet her brother and sister. On abeautiful Sunday with sunshine, and gentle breeze, Qiuqiu and Fang rang the door bell of Julias house. Julia didnt know who that is, but her heart started beating so fast, she got so excited suddenly, coming she looked through the peep hole, she see two young people standing outside, with lots of shopping bags on their hands. She suddenly has this weird feelings, she can feel that they are Qiuqiu and Fang.She opened the door, and yelledLydia Come come Look whos here and then she asked gently you are Qiuqiu and Fang right? they smiled happily and nodded, both of them cant believe their life saver and their family is standing right in front of them, and h ere comes a young girl with beautiful long dark silky hair, she is so pretty, she is blinking those two bambi eyes at these strangers. But she doesnt feel nervous at all, she feels like she knew them long time ago. And then Lydia saidhey honey, come meet Qiuqiu and Fang Lydia jumped onto Fang, and Fang held her then she circled around. Lydia couldnt help, she cried so much, and Qiuqiu came and hugged her, they look so happy and they are a family. Julia invited them in, Qiuqiu and Fang told Julia about the gallery, and Lydia told her situation of how she was try about the finance problem, but she doesnt want Qiuqiu and Fangs dream, so she just worked even harder.During the talk they laughed, cried, they dont feel strange to each other at all. And Fang asked after how much weve been through, I and Qiuqiu are getting married, because we were always there for each other, and we decided to be together. We bought a house with 3 bedrooms, we really want you to come live with us, youve don e so much for us and right now its about time for us to chase away the favor. Please please say yes Julia couldnt believe they are getting married and she cried because of the happiness, the little Lydia couldnt wait, she jumped and yelling Yes Yes so Julia saidwe are going home, honey and so then, they lived happily ever after.

Tim O’Brien Essay Example for Free

Tim OBrien EssayTim OBrien is a well-know war writer, probably the most famous war writer of our time solely withal a writer virtually relationships that disintegrate and how they do so. His novels hinge on his have got experiences in the Vietnam War or the time leading up to that experience. But he is not a typical writer of war. In Tim OBriens novels, OBrien blurs the lines between right and portrayal of truth or fiction. In essence, he says that there is no such thing as truth. Truth depends on the perception of the person experiencing the episode and what goes on in the look of this person. The truth fades and shifts or is illuminated further in the manifesting.Truth is slippery and ever-changing and completely subjective. He blurs these lines over and over again to show the reviewer the slippery slope of what we call truth. OBrien, in some ways, can tell the same varietys of stories but with a different focus so they are completely new. Overall, OBrien believes in t he power of stories. As OBrien says, Im a believer in the power of stories, whether theyre uncoiled or embellished, and exaggerated, or utterly made up. A good degree has a power that transcends the question of factuality or actuality (Bonn). OBriens novel styles and themes bring down right from the start of his career. . If I Die in the Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home was published in 1973. It is a memoir which deals with Vietnam and the theatrical role around My Lai. It was the first book that began OBriens genre of what is called seminal nonfiction. And then issue forths his first published novel, Northern Lights discusses two brothers. One has returned from war wound and the two brothers are uncomfortable with their own bes as well as their relationships with their father, who has died. His themes of war and disintegration of relationships begin to be shown in this novel.He continues with these themes in departure After Cacciato published in 1978 and the Nuclear Age in 1985. Going After Caccioto is the story of a soldier who decides to run away from the Vietnam War. In many another(prenominal) ways, this novel is an earlier telling of a story from The Things They Carried. The short story On the Rainy River retells this novel, only with a different ending, which sheathizes OBriens creative nonfiction. In other words, the novel is another way that the story could have ended, not necessarily the way it did end. Nuclear Age is a discussion of how we would live if confronted with the possibility of nuclear extinction.Then in 1990 he seems to hit a stride and critical acclaim with The Things They Carried. This is a collection of short stories but also a novel in itself as it begins and ends with the same story. The book begins with the quote, This is a work of fiction. Except for a few details regarding the authors own life, all the incidents, names, and characters are imaginary (OBrien). Two pages later OBrien provides a dedication to the wo rkforce of Alpha Company, and in particular to Jimmy Cross, Norman Bowker, snitch Kiley, Mitchell Sanders, Henry Dobbins, and Kiowa. (OBrien). These are the novels main characters. The reviewer is meant to question the blur of the lines between fact and fiction. The reader is meant to ask, Why OBrien would be thanking these men if this work is entirely fiction? In this book, Tim OBrien manages this blur of truth in many other ways as well. One of those ways is that he creates a narrator who is modeled after himself. This narrator is a Harvard grad, a draughted Vietnam War vet, and goes by the name of Tim OBrien. The reader is encouraged to connect the narrator with the author as a way to question what is true. The narrator says, I want you to feel what I felt. I want you to know why story-truth is truer than happening-truth (OBrien 203).When asked in an interview, What do you say when people ask, Are these stories true? Tim replies, Tim I tell them to reread the book. Its kind of the point of the book What is truth? Tim explains more soundly when he talks in the same interview about getting to a deeper truth through fiction.One of the chapters in The Things They Carried is about a character with my name going to the Canadian border. He meets an old man up there, almost crosses into Canada but doesnt. I never literally did any of these things, but I thought about it. It was all happening in my dreams and in my head. And the one thing fiction can do is make it seem real. To let the reader participate in this kid making this journey and it feels handle its really happening. You hope the readers asking the same questions that you were back then. You know, like What would I do? Would I go to Canada? What do I think of war? So nonetheless if the story never happened, literally, it happened in my head. If I were to tell you the literal truth about that summer, the truth would be that I played a lot of golf and worried a lot about the draft (Curran). In other wor ds, what is the real meaning of truth? OBrien plays with this concept over and over in his fiction. The portrays the strangeness of how the mind works when dealing with memories and theoretic situations.In the Lake of the Woods published in 1994 A spooked veteran who has secrets discovers that his wife has secrets too. Both of these people escape to the inner recesses of their own minds in order to come to some kind of terms with their lives. OBrien shows his mastery at blurring the lines between reality and fantasy here as well as the novel focuses on two of his favorite subjects, war and failing relationships. As the couple struggles with the secrets in their relationship, OBrien uncovers that fact that truth is what we say it is, and what we say determines how and what we think. He continues to blur the lines even further with an essay called The Vietnam in Me in 1994 in which he goes back to Vietnam twenty years later to reflect on the experiences of the Vietnam War. This essay also explores the declivity of a relationship for him. He basically tries to reconcile what really happened in My Lai in his mind after all these years while faced with the offer opening up between he and Kate.His more recent work changes focus just a bit. War becomes more secondary content. In gobbler in Love (1998) this humorous story or black comedy as it is called in the Gadfly interview is told from the perspective of a sexist prof who attempts to deal with the disintegration of his relationship. However, he tries to wreak revenge on his ex-wife by sabotaging her current relationship. And in July, July (2002) ten friends reunite about 30 years after they graduate. They find that many of the same things haunt them now as haunted them then, only they are at totally different places in their lives. This story is some(prenominal) like The Things they Carried in that the individual stories are tied together in the end. One of the characters has been through Vietnam, but more th an anything this book is again about re-telling of the truth. The truths that these characters had identify for themselves thirty years ago are different in many ways than their truths of today. Does that make them any less true? When asked about the various truths of this novel,BRC Your books, and their characters, presentation a certain amount of moral ambiguitya sense of this is true but that also is trueor both could be true at the same time. Does this reflect your personal philosophy?TO Yes. Truth evolves. Truth is fluid. Truth is a function of language. (If I were to say to you, Its now 1000 A.M., I would be telling the truth of Boston, Massachusetts, but not the truth of Tokyo Japan). A lie, sometimes, can be truer than the truth, which is why fiction gets written. (Bookreporter).Ultimately Tim OBrien is a writer who deserves all the acclaim he gets as he has much to say not only about war and relationships but about the very essence of truth itself. He is a storyteller in e very sense of the word and believes in the power of stories, no matter what kind they are. In an interview, he clearly demonstrates his philosophy about the power of storytelling and truth.Interviewer What can stories do for us?Tim Stories do a lot for us. They can help us heal. They can make us feel part of something bigger. We all tell stories to ourselvesabout today and tomorrowwe live our lives based on a story we tell ourselves. And were constantly adjusting ithoping for a happy ending. (Curran)He describes good fiction as fiction that makes us look inside ourselves and OBrien is a master even when the content of the stories are not typical for most of us. He can make us look at courage and truth and evaluate our own relationships all in the reading of his fiction.Works CitedTim OBrien, Novelist. Retrieved November 27, 2007 at vane Site http//illyria.com/tobhp.htmlIver, Pico, Missing in Contemplation, Time Magazine. 2001, Retrieved November 27, 2007 at Web Site http//www.time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101941024-163119,00.htmlBonn, Maria S. Can Stories Save Us? Tim OBrien and the Efficacy of the Text, Critique, Fall 1994, No 1 2-5.Brien, The Things They Carried, Broadway Publishing. 1991.Curran, Colleen. Tim OBrien discusses The Things They Carried in Richmond for GO READ. Nov. 11, 2003. Retrieved November 27, 2007 at http//www.richmond.com/ae/output.aspx?Article_ID=2730476Tim OBrien. Retrieved November 30. 2007 at Web Site http//www.bookreporter.com/authors/au-obrien-tim.asp

Financial Highlights of John Lewis Performance Essay Example for Free

Financial Highlights of John Lewis Performance EssaySalesSales be the activity in spite of appearance a business for the purchases of products and service. This is also the in operation(p) revenues that is earned by the companyby selling their products or services. Last stratum, the business was involved in an accounting s brush offdal, and saw the departure of some ripened executives. However the retail giant, which has more than 3,300 stores in the UK, had a better Christmas than expected. The sales over the holiday period were down just 0.3 percent on the yr before and up 0. 1% if fuel sales are included. Overall, comparable sales for the three months to the beginning of January were down by 2.9%.Tescos chief executive, Dave Lewis, said the staunch was facing the reality of the situation and was seeing the benefits of listening to our customers.RevenueRevenue are the amount of money that the business receives during a specific period which includes the discounts and ded uctions that are for returned merchandise Revenue is calculated by multiplying the price at which goods or services are sold by the number of units or amount sold. Tescos revenue increased from the years 2010 to 2011 from 57,502m to 61,174m. This infers to us that there would be an increase in the corporations stockholders equity and its assets. The revenues will increase the retained earnings section of stockholders equity. The assets that unremarkably increase are cash or accounts receivable. Conversely at bottom the years of 2012 to 2013 the business revenue decreased from 64,541m to 63,967. This indicates to us that the business reduced their pricing. However at heart 2013 and 2014 there was an increase within the revenue figures from 63,967 to 64,149.ProfitProfit is the money that the business makes after accounting for all the expenses. This is a financial benefit that is realised when the amount of revenue gained from the business activity exceeds the expenses, costs an d taxes needed to sustain the activity. Any profit that is gained goes to the businesss owners, who may or may not decide to legislate it on the business. Tescos Britains biggest retailer Shares fell as much as 17 per cent to their lowest in around 14 years as it said trading profits for the year ending February 2015 would not exceed 1.4bn. This is 500m below current market forecasts of 1.9bn.DebtDebt is the amount of money borrowed by one mortal from another. Manycorporations and souls use debt as a method for making large purchases that they could not afford under normal circumstances. A debt arrangement gives the borrowing individual permission to borrow money under the condition that it is to be paid back at a later date, normally with interest.Within Tesco the debt decreased within the years of 2010 to 2013 from 14.0b to 13.5b because the business is paying off debts owed regularly which results in a positive cash flow. On the other hand the business debt increased within th e years 2013 to 2014 from 13.5b to 14.5b. This is for the reason that the business are not paying off the liabilities that are owed.PensionA aid is a type of retirement plan, usually tax exempt, where an employer makes contributions toward a pool of funds set aside for an employees future benefit. The funds is then invested on the employees behalf, allowing the employee to receive benefits upon retirement.Philip Clarke and Laurie Mcllwee are members of the Tesco PLC award scheme, which provides a pension up to two-thirds of base salary on retirement, normally at the age 60, dependent on service. Within the organisation each years pension earned before 1 June 2012 will be increased up to a maximum 5%.TurnoverTurnover is the number of times an asset is replaced during a financial period. This would be the number of shares traded for a period as a percentage of the total shares in a portfolio or of an exchange.As we can see above, on Tesco profit and loss sheet there was an increase in the turnover from the years 2010 to 2011 from 56910.0m to 60455.0m. This indicates to us that Tesco has strong sales within this year as the business is re-stocking cash quickly and has a lower risk of becoming stuck with obsolete inventory. On the other hand within the years 2012 and 2013 there was a decrease in figures from 63916.0m to 63406.0m. This tells that the business is carrying too much inventory which suggest poor inventorymanagement and low sales.

Kelloggs The Market Leader Of Cereals Marketing Essay

Kelloggs The Market Leader Of Cereals selling EssayThe purpose of this report is that to let the readers know the challenges and aspiration in Cereal and Snacks of UK and rest of the world. This report is sculptured on Kelloggs the foodstuff leader of cereal and break spry industry of UK. This report consists of detail party epitome using SWOT* analysis, PESTEL** analysis and using Marketing 4 ps*** and Porter Five Forces to high wispy the industry. The objective of the report is to outline the marketing send off of Kelloggs and then critically evaluate the plan making the recommendations. Further then this report is going to highlight effects of technology on Kelloggs operations and how Kelloggs is benefiting from saucy media i.e Internet. The end of the report some focus is upon the Kelloggs Sustainability plan and recommendations for further improvements.Marketing is the management dish up of Identifying, anticipating and satisfying client needs and requirements profitably . Chartered Institute of MarketingSo the main functions of marketing is to Identify and Anticipate what are the needs and wants of the customer and analysing what the competitors are providing at the moment and what further virginborn and better output and service the Organisation can take into account. The Main aim here is to know and understand the customer so well that crop or service fits wherefore to customer requirements and sells itself. Secondly the important aim of marketing is to satisfy the customer. So the companies provide the combination of products and services to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers.Kotler describes marketing as the process by which companies fashion value for customers and build strong alliances in order to capture value from customers in return. To do this successfully, firms need to embrace a culture of market orientation and put the customer at the forefront of everything they do. Communication of the marketing strategy and plan across the organisation plays a vital patch in making this happen.Philips kotlerThere is misconception among the people that marketing is all about advertising and selling i.e. Telling and selling, although they are important but they are completely the tip the marketing iceberg. Selling and telling occurs after the product is complete and ready to launch to market, in contrast marketing starts long before the company has a product. Marketing is all about assessing the needs of consumers, measure their extend intensity and estimate whether there is a profit opportunity exist. Marketing is of such importance that is continues from the product development to market withdrawal, and its main function during this period is to acquire new customers and keep the current customers locked in by improving product appeal and performance and giving customer a dear after sales service with constant product updates. According to the Marketing guru Peter Drucker, The localize of marketing is to make selling unnecessary this is done by understanding the customers so well that the product and service sells itself.Marketing is a five grade processUnderstanding the Marketplace and Customer needs and wantsDesign Customer-Driven StrategyConstruct a Marketing Programme that delivers superior value.Build Profitable relationship and customer delightCapture Value from customer in return.Kotler one of the famous Marketing author describes marketing as a Process by which companies create value to the customers and build a strong relation in order to capture value from customers in return in the form of new and time to come sales, market parcel and profits. Companies should provide good quality service and superior products to customers to satisfy them and in return win customer loyalty and future sales. To create value for the customer the company should take hold a Customer-driven marketing strategy and the customer driven strategy looks upon two basic questions, What customer s will we behave and how can we serve these customers best. The company must first decide who it will serve, for this company divides the market into segments and selects the segment it will go for. After selecting the target customer then company decides how they are going to unlikeiate and position itself in the marketplace. One important role of marketing is that to lock the customer with continuous good quality service and to provide innovative products at regular intervals and once the customer is locked in, and then most important step is to build a paid customer relationship.KelloggsAbout Kelloggs Kelloggs is a prominent player in the world of Breakfast and produces more than three out of 10 packets eaten in UK. Kelloggs has 42% of UK market share, this makes Kelloggs a market leader and in 2009 it was Britains biggest grocery selling brand with sales of 550 million and global sales of nearly 12 billion. Kelloggs products are construct in 18 countries and marketed in more than 180 countries and it employs around 32000 employees. The Company Products including cookies, crackers, toaster pastries, cereal bars, fruit-flavored snacks, frozen waffles and veggie foods. Kelloggs markets its products under a variety of brands include Rice Krispies, Special K and Nutri-Grain.Vision and accusationKellogg Companys Vision and Mission statements define our focus upon sustainable growth, our broadened definition of social responsibility and the true aptitude of our company our people and our brands.Our Vision encompasses the full spectrum of our stakeholders including shareowners, employees, customers, consumers and communities. Our Mission articulates where we are as a company today and where we wish to be in the future.Our Vision and Mission do not stand alone. They are integrated with our focused strategy and operating principles as well as the foundations of our business our K Values, people and allegiance to social responsibility.http//www.kelloggcompany .comKelloggs Marketing Plan and StrategiesThe cereal giant Kelloggs being the Market leader in the world of breakfast has plans to further increase its market share with the help of new innovative products and new marketing campaigns. Kelloggs chief marketing officer Mark Baynes said in an marketing Magazine We are aiming to create a team inspired, equipped and enabled to drive stronger returns in this increasingly interwoven consumer landscape. As per Mark Baynes the company marketing plan is to drive stronger returns in the complex business environment as last year Kelloggs reported six per cent drop in the earnings in the third quarter, which is because of increasing aspiration in the cereal industry, General mills, Nestle being the biggest competitor of Kelloggs followed by Quaker Oats.So the main Marketing and Business plan of Kelloggs is toLeadership in product innovationStrengthening the companys seven largest market segmentsContinuing to reduce the Cost and increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the business processesInvesting in new product research and brand building activitiesThinking ethically and environmentally.SWOT ANALYSISThe SWOT analysis is an analysis of the companys current position in the light of its strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats.Kelloggs StrengthsKelloggs biggest strength comes from its 42% market share and being market leaderBrand is fully recognised by the customers and the retailers.Providing Quality innovative products with the underpin of proper marketing campaigns and sound distribution channels.High product demand gives Kelloggs main shelf space in the shops and Retailer like ASDA, TESCO etc.Kelloggs have products targeting childrens, teenagers, adult and even the elders. This gives Kelloggs reputation of proving products for everyone.Social Responsibility Kelloggs welcomes social responsibility and notes the environment, advocating healthy lifestyles, and promoting diversity as its main responsibilities .Kelloggs WeaknessSlow erosion in Global market share as competitors like Nestle and Wheatabix are providing new and economic valued products.Kelloggs has many demographically different customers which mean many different focuses. This may cause a conflict when it comes to public opinionKelloggs OpportunitiesKelloggs can slowly diversify and still remain into their core business. This could further increase their profitability and market growth.There can further increase their market share and growth by using better pricing strategy.Major opportunity for Kelloggs is to provide health and more organic products as customers are looking for healthier life-style.Kelloggs ThreatsRetailers like ASDA, Tesco are so powerful that they have created their own brand of cereals and corn flakes. Providing cheaper and better quality alternative products.The world economy is suffering, so customers prefer economical n cheap products. Kelloggs charging premium prices can hinder in its growth. chal lenger in the market is increasing day by day as many companies like Quarters , Nestle wheata bix and other brands are coming with new and healthy breakfast products, this increases pressure on kelloggs to provide even better products with levelheaded price.PEST ANALYSISPoliticalSocial health Consciousfast paced Life style obesityKelloggs 4 PsThe main objective of marketing plan is to create a strategy and goals that ultimately satisfy customer needs. The main part of marketing plan consists of its marketing mix, to satisfy customers the company is to provide quality products with suitable distribution channels i.e Place with competitive and reasonable Price with appropriate Promotion.ProductsProduct is anything that is offered to the market for the attention, acquisition, use and consumption that satisfy the wants and needs of the customer. Kelloggs being the market leader in product innovation by launching new cereals and snacks

Infection Control Practices in Nursing Homes

Infection Control Practices in nurse HomesIntroductionLiterature freshen on the transmittance maneuver practices in the Nursing Homes most particularly in the coupled Kingdom. It is well known that the elderly population has a comfortably change magnitude incidence and severity of many infectious diseases (Hampton, 2003). The student leave alone focus on the infection throw and prevention issues most specifically to soul- to-person transmission system and a little thinking food -borne transmission. In fact, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1.5 million nosocomial infections occur in long-term trade residents per year, which translates to an average of iodin infection per resident per year (Williams, 2008). Between February and May 2006 infection harbor staff across the unify Kingdom and Ireland completed the third national check up on into health deal out associated infection. A prevalence rate of 7.6% broadly supports the results that were account in the first and second national surveys (Cole, 2007). concord to Knoll and Lautenschlaeger (2010), the rate of healthc ar-associated infections (HCAIs) is listed for the United Kingdom at approximately 50 thousand cases in every year. Among these be the elderly people, which be the most vulnerable hosts (Aitkenhead, 2009). agree to Nazarko (2007b), infection image in UK cargon foundations does not yet receive the same level of scrutiny as in hospitals. People requiring c atomic number 18 in c argon for theaters whitethorn have infections, or may be at risk of picking up infection from other people. Staff and visitors may to a fault be at risk since they argon the ones who are in direct contact with the clients. As being observed by the student, infections spread rapidly between the residents in the Nursing homes. threadbare precautions aim to eliminate ejaculates of infection whenever possible and to prevent the spread of infection (Nazarko, 2007). Co ntrolling the spread of the infection may be difficult for several(prenominal)(prenominal) doers due to lack of education on infection checker and prevention. This is the main reason why the student came up with several sources that may sum up the chores and makes solutions that may be helpful to health personnel.The number of people in wish homes go out continue to expand as the population ages. Today, according to Hampton (2003), residents in disquiet homes have much complicated medical restricts than they did 5 years ago, as they become even more elderly and the trend continues towards shorter and shorter hospital sash in great carry on facilities.This literature review was made by the student to emphasize the importance of compliance of infection control procedures in the care home. The students experiences and noesis gained from work ground studies and broad sources of reading materials greatly contribute in making the substance of this paper. This paper may help readers to gain companionship on the ideal infection control procedures that applies mainly in the healthcare setting.Common mode of transmission in a nurse home preparednessInfection control is drawd by the National Health Service Executive as a managed purlieu, which minimises the risk of infection to patients, staff and visitors (Health Protection Agency, 2006). Standard precautions are directed towards breaking the chain of infection by preventing the transmission of infection (Cole, 2010). jibe to El-Kadiki and Sutton (2005), compliance of infection control may provide graduate(prenominal) quality and safe services among soulfulnesss. It may withal prevent cross contamination among staff member and may lower the costs of health care services since prevention is more economical than treatment (Eriksen et al, 2007).From the expression by Nazarko (2005), the spread of infection deep down health care requires three elements 1. a source of infecting organism (bacteria, v iruses, and fungi), 2. a susceptible host and, 3.a route of transmission of the organism from one person or site to another. In relation to the nursing home environment, the source may be a resident, a staff member or a visitor. That certain single(a) may have signs of infection, or may be colonized and does not show any symptoms (Knoll, 2010). The source may alike be inanimate objects within the environment that have become soil such as equipments. The host is the resident or client that is on the nursing home adeptness. According to Williams (2008), resistance to pathogenic microorganisms may vary greatly from each individual. Microorganisms can be transmitted by variety of routes and the same organism can be transmitted by more than one routes. According to Cole and Lai (2009), thither are common modes of transmission of infection in the nursing homes that every staff can prevent by just kill correct infection control procedures. However, the student has chosen the most comm on types that were being noticed in the study. These are 1. Person-to person, 2. Food-borne, and 3. Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs).Cole and Lain (2009) briefly describe person-to person spread as a conveyance of a certain disease condition to another individual. Person-to-person spread of infections may be airborne, faecal-oral, blood-blood or scramble-to-skin. The most common infectious diseases the student noticed over the past few months were colds and flu. The spread of the infection to each person was so massive disrespect flu vaccination several months before the oncoming. The residents that were affected with the viral infection were treated with several melt downs of antiviral medications and antibiotics. Aitkenhead (2009) indicated that anti-viral medication is currently under-use for older people in care homes in the UK. Isolation was alike done to severely affected residents. According to Cole and Lai (2009), isolation may be done to residents if they acquired infectious or communicable disease they may also be place on isolation if a certain individual has been suspected of any infectious disease. notwithstanding doing procedure, flu virus was able to spread on few of the residents and staff. False booking or poor infection control procedures must(prenominal) have caused the break in isolating the resident with infection.Food borne infection had also been very common among care homes. With this, according to Ashurst (2007a) on her article, nursing homes and hospitals in the United Kingdom are now subject to strict environmental health inspections to monitor the premises, and making sure that foods that are served are safe for consumption. As being observed by the student in the workplace, all kitchen staffs are throwlers of basic food hygienics certificate as part of their induction programme. Kitchen staffs were taught about the principles of food hygiene with idiom being placed on high standards of personal hygiene, including han d dry wash.As stated in Ashurst (2007b) in her second article, food safety should never be taken for granted, as people may lost their lives as direct result of the staff failure to follow agreed policies and procedures. This matter is to protect both(prenominal) the residents and staffs from potential harm. Food poisoning, according to Ashurst (2007a), is caused by poor hygiene and, in particular, is caused by the contamination of ready-to-eat food with food poisoning bacteria. From the students basic knowledge, poor temperature control of ready-to-eat food may also cause of bacteria to multiply in large numbers. The best environment for most bacteria to grow and increase in number is a moist environment between 5C and 60C. This range of temperatures is known as the growth or danger govern (Fisher and Hartshorn, 2005). Undercooking may also cause poisoning since this enables food poisoning bacteria to survive.Hospital acquired infections, according to Gaspard et al (2008), is an infection acquired during hospital care which was not invest or incubating prior to admission. Among reported case of nosocomial infections on the students work place, MRSA or Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus is the most common.Common types of person to person infection in Nursing Homes in the UKThere have been a number of outbreaks on infection in the Nursing Homes in the UK, according to Nararco (2005). Few of these infective diseases are flu, gastrointestinal conditions, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and scabies. Wound infections had also been very common in residents, especially those who developed decubitus ulcers or bed sores. Each of these infectious conditions will be discussed by the students.Influenza is defined by Daniell (2004) in his journal article as an acute viral, respiratory infection causation the temperature to rise quickly, with ambiguous malaise, headache, myalgia, congested nose, cough and breathing difficulties. For otherwise healthy ind ividuals, influenza is an unpleasant but usually self-limiting disease this normally resolves in 7-14 days. Flu continues to cause outbreaks in care homes and in the community (Benison, 2006). The student was able to observe that influenza outbreaks occur readily in elderly care homes. They strike rapidly and are frequently associated with widespread severe illness and deaths. Eleven years ago, According to Nguyen-Van-Tam (2000), in Britain, outbreaks are frequently detected too late in their course when the options for effective intervention are few. Flu vaccinations are being given to staffs and clients during outbreaks. Vaccination against flu must also be given to staffs considering they are undetermined in both setting inwardly and outside the care home. Whilst this cannot be applied to all situations it is advisable in more or less circumstances. It should always be unite with other infection control efforts however to ensure complete protection. In conjunction with vaccin ation is post exposure prophylaxis, this is used where vaccinums do not cost after contact with infection has occurred (Booker, 2004).Staff spend a lot often time with residents, and can infect vulnerable residents inadvertently. If staff have flu vaccinations they are very unlikely to bring the flu virus into the home, therefore reducing the risk of older people getting flu (Daniell, 2004). The flu immunization season, which is the beginning of winter season, is a busy time for the nurses but its preventive value cannot be overestimated. If an outbreak of flu does occur, anti-viral medication can be used (Eriksen et al 2007). According to Benison (2006), the combined use of immunization and targeted treatment with antiviral agents can effectively control the serious impact of seasonal influenza on vulnerable communities of residents in care. Scottish researchers found that giving flu vaccinations to nursing staff operative in nursing homes reduced death rates (Booker, 2004). Flu Vaccination can highly reduce death rates and prevents vulnerable older people who develop flu from becoming increasingly disabled.Second condition that had been known to be very common is gastroenteritis or diarrhoeal problems. According to Ashurst (2007a), this condition is very common and extremely infectious and affects approximately 1 in 5 people are affected by the condition in England every year. In which at least 50% of cases of gastroenteritis are due tofoodborne illnessare caused bynorovirus. This can be acquired from contaminated foods and water. However, this can easily be prevented by frequent and correct execution of hand hygiene since bacteria can be transferred this way through poor hygiene. For example, if someone does not wash their hands after going to the toilet. For this reason, staffs and residents are back up to perform hand hygiene after using the bath manner or changing incontinence pads.Any viruses or bacteria on their hands will be transferred to whatev er they touch, such as a glass, kitchen utensil or food. As per Doctors recommendation every time a resident experiences this kind of condition, nurses in the workplace, including the manager, must assure that food be properly cooked and stored to prevent gastroenteritis. It has also been encouraged to thoroughly wash both hands before eating and after. Bleaching ill-gotten laundry and household surfaces may also help prevent spreading bacteria caused by gastroenteritis (Parker, 2004). ground on the students observation, Pneumonia has also been common to the clients in the nursing home. According to Booker (2004), pneumonia in nursing and residential care homes may be different from that found in the general population. Mortality is also higher this group. According to Metha (2009), pneumonia vaccine is important since there had been reported outbreaks of pneumonia in unvaccinated clients in some nursing homes within the UK and even in United States of America for people who are ag ed 65 years and above. According to Roberts (2004), the bacteria that cause pneumonia can become extremely resistant to any types of antibiotics in nursing homes, and when the disease occurs, it can be difficult to treat. As being observed in the workplace, nurses determine new residents vaccination records to determine the need of the vaccine and the risks. As the student involves himself in the caring of residents with Pneumonia, good, general nursing care is vital. Adequate rest had been encouraged and smoking- discouraged. The patient may well be stimulate and fearful and will need plenty of reassurance.Urinary incontinence is one of the most common and disabling conditions affecting a frail elderly individual (Hampton, 2004) this can also lead to the use of indwelling catheters for some. According to Nazarko (2009), urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common healthcare-acquired infection in the UK. So far, based on the students observation in the workplace, UTI due to lo ng term indwelling catheterization has the highest rate of prevalence and reoccurrence. With the general knowledge the student has, patients should be monitored at unvarying intervals communication between carers and relatives should be effective to promote understanding how and why long-term catheters should be maintained. Catheter care is a nursing procedure and its importance is sometimes overlooked. According to Harvey (2007), it should be addressed by education and self-directed learning. Practices such as routine catheter irrigation should be neutraliseed and the NICE guide line of merchandises recommend that bladder instillations or washouts must not be used to prevent catheter associated infection (Brown, 2006). However, if necessary, perform appropriate catheter care and consistently use appropriate infection control guidelines while maintaining a closed drainage system. In the workplace, the use of bubble bath/oils, perfumed soaps and talc around the genitals should be a voided as they break down the bodys inbred protective flora. Also, common tradition on the workplace to prevent or treat UTI is to offer cranberry juice to the residents. However, frustratingly, a study of Hampton (2004) concluded that there was no good quality or reliable evidence for the effectiveness of cranberry juice in prevention and treatment of UTI and that more research is needed. It was also confirmed in the study by Harvey (2007) that claims that Cranberry juice, on a daily basis, will not have any effect greater than that water in preventing UTI.If an older person becomes suddenly confused, its not an indication that the elder must be developing Alzheimers Disease (Brown, 2006). It has also been observed by the student in the workplace that some staffs may mistakenly assume that confusion is normal for all older people. Staff seeking advice from a healthcare provider regarding a quick onset of confusion may be surprised if the doctor orders a urine specimen. Actually, a urine specimen is not a bad idea since urinary tract infections are a common cause of delirium in the elderly (Goldrick, 2005).Scabies had also been one of the causes for outbreaks in the UK nursing homes (Nazarko, 2005). This can easily be spread by staffs, relatives, visitors, and residents since close prolonged contact causes the transmission. In this case, the student ensures all staffs must wear gloves and aprons upon dealing with infected individual. The infected individual must also be taken for a bath or shower everyday with the aid of medicated soaps and shampoos. Bed bathing is still a nursing skill that is greatly appreciated by patients but it can be associated with cross-infection. According to Parker (2004), bowls used to bath patients are often stacked inside each other in the sluice and poorly cleaned. Infection control nurses have tried to have this practice changed so that individual bowls are kept at each bed space and cleaned after use.Wound infection had also b een one of the most common infections found in the nursing homes. However, as the student able to perceive, it the less common among all of those infective diseases mentioned earlier. There is little information on the development of wound infection within the nursing and residential care settings. Wound infection can be a huge burden on the patient and relatives in terms of paroxysm and suffering, with the added threat of a resultant systemic illness (Russell, 2006). Skin had been considered as the first line of defence. In healthy people it is intact and even if a person has contact with microorganisms, they can be removed by washing. The treatment of wound infection has been and still is a subject which is debated within literature (Timmons, 2003). Based on the students basic understanding, in order to help prevent wound infection in any care setting, it is vital that basic infection control protocols are followed. Correct hand-washing technique is intrinsic to avoid the tran sfer of bacteria from staff to a resident.As a protocol on the nursing home where the student works, residents with infected wounds should be isolated if possible, and wounds should be reassessed regularly to avoid further complications. The principles of infertile technique should be followed in order to avoid cross-contamination among residents. Preventing insistency sores in the vulnerable elderly is complex. The literature written by Russel (2006) clearly highlights the importance of early and continual assessment of the individuals risk of pressure sore development and practiceation of preventive strategies. As being observed by the student, senior nurses and managers of the home regularly inspect and ensure proper dressing of the staffs since lack of knowledge is a contributing factor that should be addressed by the provision of education and training so that all staff possess and implement evidence-based practice. This should be supported by strategies to provide guidance on the prevention of pressure sores. Skin care had been part of the daily routine for nurses and carers in the nursing home. The skin should be kept clean and dry, perfumed soaps and cleansing agents must be avoided because they cause excessive dryness and irritation (Timmons, 2003). In cases of incontinence or if the heavens is contaminated with urine or faeces, it is best to wash the area with warm water and pat dry with towels or soft tissues.Impact of poor infection control practiceHaving robust policies and procedures in place for infection control is fundamentally important. However, each organization has to go a step beyond this (Flanagan, 2009). As care homes fill with increasingly vulnerable elderly, control of infection within long-term care facilities becomes a daunting problem (Cole, 2007), with residents developing similar infections to acute care facility. Elderly patients are at particularly high risk of contracting infection because of reduced innate immunity, maln utrition, and the presence of degenerative medical conditions (Roberts, 2004). According to Maudsley (2004), poor infection control practices may lead to common infections such as urinary infection, respiratory infection, and skin and soft tissue infections, resulting in increased costs to the health service, extended durations of care and substantial morbidity. Aside from that, infections acquired by infected residents or individuals may spread to other, which cause a serious problem on controlling and containing. People requiring care in hospitals, care home clinics, doctors surgeries and their own homes may have an infection or may be at risk of picking up infection from other people (Cole, 2007). Staff and visitors are also at risk of infection. Staffs in a healthcare facility may also be considered as the main transporter of the disease itself. According to Hampton (2003), education in infection control and attention to employee health is essential to enable staff to care appr opriately and prevent the spread of infection for todays care home population.Antimicrobial ResistanceAccording to Brown (2006), overuse of antimicrobials may lead to increase resistance in many pathogenic bacteria of viruses. As observed by the student during every consultation, General practitioners usually regulate oral broad-spectrum agents such as cephalosporins. Although many antibiotics initially prescribed are broad-spectrum, which is capable of killing a wide range of bacterial types, each antibiotic has limited effectiveness against certain types of bacteria (Goldrick, 2005). If an infection does not resolve, the antibiotic being taken may not be compatible with the bacteria causing the infection. Antimicrobials are specific as to the type of organism they work for and they should not be used for a purpose that is different from that for which they were prescribed (Nazarko, 2005). In line with El-kadikis (2005) article, unwarranted use of antimicrobials can partially mask symptoms and delay the exact diagnosis and recovery. Unless directed by the prescriber, antimicrobials should not be administered before the service substance abuser has symptoms (prophylactic treatment) because that increases the risk of resistance developing. According to the General Health Protection-Department of Health (2006), nurses must ensure that General practitioners (GP) do not prescribe antibiotics unnecessarily for the residents. It is important that antimicrobials are administered appropriately to ensure successful treatment and reduce the development of resistance.Policies and ProceduresAccording to Nazarko (2007b), there are several policies that the National Health board formulated to implement healthy practice within the care home setting. These policies are implemented in every Nursing Home as observed, the manager also ensures that these policies and procedures are made available to the staffs for all the time. This may ensure that written policies, procedures a nd guidance for the prevention and control of infection are implemented. The manager also engages staff throughout the care home to promote and secure the implementation of best practice in the prevention and control of infection.In the nursing homes, there are several infection control procedures. On where the student works, hand hygiene, disinfecting, personal protective equipment, and safe use and disposal of sharps are the very common practices. These practices are upright to both the residents and the staff. The practice of these procedures can also be found in the Infection control manuals that are located in all units in the nursing home. As mention on the previous section, the manuals are placed in a certain area of the institution to make it accessible to all the staffs. From the manual, aseptic techniques based from the UK standards were identified. There are 3 aseptic techniques that are commonly identified by the UK healthcare system. These are 1. Hand hygiene, 2. Person al Protective equipment and 3. risk-free use and disposal of sharps. The student will discuss briefly on the later part of this essay.Hand HygieneThe most basic aseptic technique found to be the most common is Hand hygiene. On the study made by Knoll and Lautenschlaeger (2010), demonstrates compliance of the staffs in the nursing home with regard to hand hygiene guidelines can be significantly influenced by a number of factors. According to the research article by Rickard (2006), the link between hand hygiene and the infection rate in healthcare establishments is not in doubt. Research articles and reviews have demonstrated the evidence that increased hand-hygiene performance reduces the infection rate. alert infection-control practice, including frequent hand washing, will remain critical for limiting the spread of infection. Also, very importantly, is the availability of soap, hand towels, disinfectant and disposable cleaning cloths. Infection control is an extremely important a spect of health care. Based on the research by Gould (2001), cold and flu may also be acquired by flunk to perform hand hygiene. The cause of the increase of incidence of flu in the nursing homes must be from noncompliance of basic hand hygiene. It was also reported that improper or failure to perform hand washing can cause pneumonia in older people and in people who are diagnosed with chronic illnesses (Stanwell-Smith, 2008). Based on what the student found out, several journals that discuss about the cause infections in the health care setting were mostly from the staffs poor hygiene practices. Although these measures are all important in the prevention of cross-infection, they are not likely to be used appropriately without education and monitoring of hand washing and cleaning practices of all staff.Personal Protective EquipmentInfection control is also concerned with personal protective equipment or PPE. Personal protective equipments in the workplace are also used such as disp osable gloves and malleable aprons. By definition by Williams (2008), Personal protective equipment or PPE is a vary protective covering worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials. The use of PPE is essential when working in a healthcare setting. The purpose of PPE is to prevent the worker from coming into contact with infection. Usage of PPE promotes health and safety upon working with clients (Brown and Nay, 2006). From the students basic experience, the most basic principle of infection control based from the infection control manual is to work from clean to dirty. In this instance, this refers to getting in contact with clean body sites or surfaces before touching dirty or heavy contaminated areas. This method prevents any debris from spreading toward the cleaner surface. This principle had been competently practiced by the staffs on where the student works. steady-going Disposal of SharpsSafe disposal of sharps is the third most practiced infection contr ol procedure in the healthcare setting. Ideally, the contaminated syringe needles, scalpel blades, and other sharp devices should be impel away in a sharps bin (Aitkenhead, 2009). As being observed by the student, sharps bin are located in a protected room in the nurses station where residents with mental incapacity, such as dementia, will not be able to gain access on the bin. Based on the article by Trim (2004), numerous staffs sustain sharps injury. In his definition, sharps injury is an injury where a sharp material contaminated with body fluids, penetrates the skin. Majority of the sharps injuries are avertable and happen when they are handled or disposed in an unsafe manner.Aside from these three main techniques to prevent spread of infection in the nursing home, there are some other protocols the students workplace implements. Among these are provision of yellow bins, plastic bags and red hampers.Waste Segregation, Use of Bins, and LaundryWaste segregation had also been par t of infection control. According to Conrardy and Hillanbrand (2010), the safe and effective disposal of spoil starts with the healthcare professionals or practitioners. Staff in the nursing homes had been instructed to dispose infectious waste such soiled dressings, catheter bags, incontinent bags, etc. in the yellow bin and domestic waste on the black bin. Nappies and incontinence pads however are thrown in black bins. The protocol of pads disposal on where the student works is being followed by staff. Soiled nappies and incontinence pads are being wrapped with plastic bags prior to disposal on the black bin. Aside from that, instructions are given to staffs to be familiar with the waste management policy and procedures for health care waste management. The policies and procedures manual for waste management is accessible to everybody as it is together with the infection control manual.According to Ashurst (2010), it is part of the Care Quality Commissions responsibilities to en sure that care homes meet the requirements of the national agenda for infection prevention and control this includes monitoring laundry facilities. Based on the practice on where the student works, soiled linens are placed on a special kind of bag before placing in to red hampers. Dirty linens are being handled with extra care nonrecreational to the potential spread of infection. It is also stated on the manual that gloves and disposable plastic apron should be worn upon handling of soiled garments. It is impossible to avoid all contact with infected tissue or potentially contaminated body fluids, excreta, and secretions. Appropriate barriers such as gloves should be used when handling potentially contaminated linen followed by hand hygiene after removal of the gloves. If a certain material is reusable, transmission of infective agents is prevented by cleaning and by appropriate disinfection or sterilization. All staffs have a responsibility to prevent and control the spread of any infection that may threaten a care home with vulnerable older people in residence. Laundry services also have the potential to set a positive impression for visitors. Staffs working tirelessly behind the scenes in the laundry are sometimes in danger of being forgotten, so their major role in ensuring safety through infection control and securing the homes reputation must be acknowledged. It is not just about utilising the most efficient chemicals and cleaning solutions in order to prevent infection. The training of staff can also be seen as an important preventative measure. If workers can understand and appreciate the issues concerned with infection control and management it is more likely they will follow procedures.Application to PracticeIt is not just prevention that makes up infection control, the process of surveillance and investigation can also be involved. Fundamentally this is the detection of infection origins and symptoms in order to develop efficient preventative measu res. The student has gathered information regarding infection control and may also be helpful to some staffs, residents, and even relatives. On the recent learning that the student was able to gain upon the composition of this paper, he may be able to share the knowledge regarding infection control towards other staffs, especially those who involve in direct care to the clients. Ideal procedures and latest evidence-based practices may also be implemented when students knowledge will be shared. The basis of infection prevention and control is the attention to hygiene. Microorganisms can be found everywhere and the cleanliness of individuals, equipment and the environment is essential in reducing the risk of infection. Paying attention to the basics of nursing practice such as bed bathing, oral hygiene, nutrition and excreting is not only part of the caring aspect of nursing, but also necessary for preventing cross-infection. The Infection Control Nurses Association devised a turnco ck to determine of certain. According to the NHS Chief Medical director, Mr. Donalson (2005), this infection control audit tool for primary and community care settings builds on previous work for acute Trusts and provides a standardise method for monitoring both clinical practice and the environment. The feedback may enable the staff to know and systematically identify the points where improvement is greatly needed. Thus, enables them to give smirch infection and give quality care for the residents. However, this type of tool was never implemented by the manager on where the student works. Perhaps, knowing the existence of this tool may be very helpful to the company when introduced

Inherited and Environmental Influences on Development

Inherited and Environmental Influences on phylogenesisThe environmental and get influences on phylogeny, also known as, nature and upraise almost(prenominal) play get word partings in the regulate of bristlemental processes. Nature refers to contagious or biological traits such as, abilities and capacities that argon genetically passed down by ones p arnts. On the former(a) hand, nurture refers to environmental influences that play a role in shaping our behaviors, such as methods of chelargonaring and other products of society. Differences in lateralization of the brain amidst males and females may be ascribed to both genetic differences in the corpus callosum, which is larger in women, and environmental factors girls usually receive more extensive verbal encouragement than boys do. Both nature and nurture ar theorized to be attributing factors that influence and shape development. Developmental Psychologists place strong emphasis on the belief that both nature and nurture argon leading ca functions that influence and shape kind-hearted behavior and development by either biological factors nature, or environmental factors nurture.1. What atomic number 18 some inherited influences on development?2. What are some environmental influences on development?3. What role does favorableization play as an environmental influence on development?Psychologists and developmental experts relieve oneself been able to attribute the behaviors of an individual to particular influences on development that jackpot be separated into two categories inherited and environmental influences on development.What are some inherited influences on development?It is widely speculated that factors of inherited influence are more important than the environmental factors that affect a childs growth and development. manifestly we know that inherited biological factors do play a great role in shaping human development, this is a widely acknowledged fact. time this is true, one must still not disregard the signifi messce of environmental influences in the early stages of growth and development. M all studies emphasizing the signifi low smellce of inherited influences are, howalways, inconceivable to disregard or ignore. For example, it is almost universally accepted that a child faces biological risks in their mental and personal development when the mother smokes cigarettes during pregnancy. However, many would urge that you undersurfacenot directly attribute negative complaisant behaviors to the mother smoking tobacco during pregnancy. According to research presented at the Behavior Genetics Association, in that location is uncertainty close(predicate) why there are links between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring antisocial behavior. This uncertainty creates room for the argument that environmental influences can be attributed as the factor responsible for these negative behavioural developments. However, many scholars still a rgue that recent research and data indicates that findings differ for offspring antisocial behavior where the association with prenatal smoking appears to be stallionly explained by inherited pathways that are not attributable to maternal antisocial behavior. This argument is built by data presented at the Behavior Genetics Association in 2007, below is a graph of the findings. The research showed an increased rate of antisocial behaviors amongst the offspring of parents who smoked during pregnancy. (Rice, 2007)(PNAS, 2007)What are some environmental influences on development?The environmental impacts on ones behavior can often rig factors that leave shape next behaviors. During critical and sensitive periods development can be greatly affected. Critical periods occur when the existence of certain types of environmental stimuli be do it necessary for development to cross conventionally. It is theorized that development during the critical period is easily influenced, specific ally in the area of someoneality and social development. On the other hand, during sensitive periods the organism becomes particularly undefended to certain types of stimuli in their environment. Unlike critical periods, the absence of stimuli in a sensitive period does not always result in immutable consequences.What role does socialization play as an environmental influence on development?Societal influences are believed to play a large role on the environmental impacts of development. The way we have been socialized or conditioned is a response to environmental stimuli. For instance, grammatical waken is something socially constructed and society places expectations on individuals according to their gender, which will determine the roles they will later fulfill in society. A publication from U.C. Santa Cruz states the following of gender acquisition and the societal influences that are perpetuated around them.Gender stereotypes in infants are perpetuated by societys expectati ons and perceptions. Societal influences, preconceived notions and expectations enforce already existing gender stereotypesIn the study of forty-eight children, their mothers, and 16 college students, gender based stereotypes influenced interaction with infants which in turn socialized the infants to conform to their respective gender role. Ratings of the female infants centered on their small size and beauty. Male infants are judged usually according to their capacity and intelligence. While evidence of gender stereotyping in infant ratings are becoming less dominant after adolescence, sex stereotyping in adults behavior towards infants has changed little. Obviously, society shapes the gender stereotypes that both children and adults hold. (Rivera, 1996)Research by psychologists over the last several decades has more and more pointed to hereditary factors being more important, especially for basic personality traits such as stimulated tone. However, the acquisition of values, be liefs, and expectations seem to be due more to socialization and unique experiences, especially during puerility. (Oneil, 2006)Most psychologists and developmental specialists agree upon the fact that influences from both inherited and environmental elements are equally important to the construction of growth and development. However, certain behaviors and growth patterns are believed to result from greater attributes of environmental and inherited influences.Theoretical Perspectives Examining the Development of Children With (ADHD)Trends have shown that the amount of children in the United States diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyper body process Disorder, additionally known as (ADHD) over time has steadily increased among young children and puerile youth. The exponential surge in diagnosis of ADHD has increased the amount of prescription drugs utilise to treat individuals. Issues surrounding these developments pose a multitude of questions that allow1. How are applications of the theoretical perspectives of development examined to help understand disorders such as ADHD?2. What are the associated risk factors of medications used to treat ADHD in children?The increasingly steady number of children being diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the U.S has resulted in an array of developmental obstacles the actual number of children diagnosed with ADHD remains unknown, as does the amount of those children that are being treated with prescription medications.How are Applications of the theoretical perspectives of development examined to help understand disorders such as ADHD?Theoretical perspectives that aliveness Developmentalists examine as they refer the different patterns of growth, change, and behavi spoken stability that take place in the duration of the entire life story sentencespan help bring nurture understanding to behaviors and the possibly of treating undesired behaviors. Among these theoretical perspectives include , learning, language, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development. All of these perspectives can be applied to assist the understanding of behaviors including the behaviors of children with ADHD. A commonly used behavioral method for the treatment of ADHD is the approach of cognitive behavioral therapy. A definition for cognitive behavioral therapy has been provided by, the Mayo Clinic.With cognitive behavioral therapy, you work with a mental health counselor (psychotherapist) in a structured way, attending a limited number of sessions. By helping you become aware of wide of the mark or negative thinking, cognitive behavioral therapy allows you to view challenging situations more clearly and respond to them in a more effective way (Mayo Clinic Staff).What are the associated risk factors of medications used to treat ADHD in children?An in depth analysis addressing the associated risks of prescription medications used to treat ADHD in children must be taken into strong cons ideration before any decisions are made to place that child on such medications. The most commonly prescribed drugs to both children and adults for the treatment of ADHD are stimulants. A publication from the Centers for Disease Control and bar concluded the following of children undergoing treatment for ADHD NSCH does not assess use of ADHD treatments other than medicationthus, the number of children with reported ADHD diagnoses who received other types of treatments is not known. Studies indicate that the use of stimulants, prescribed to treat ADHD can lead to harmful side-affects. Not to mention the risk of becoming reliant upon, or even addicted to prescription stimulants. (Kennedy, 2005)Distinctions Separating Self-Concept and Self-EsteemThe image that an individual perceives him or herself as is believed to greatly influence the social and cognitive development of that individual. The establishment of self-concept and self-esteem are two greatly influential aspects of a child s development. Environmental and inherited influences are theorized to have affect on the development of self-concept. Promotion of social development by parents or care harborrs may substantially increase the likelihood of a child developing a positive self-esteem depending on variables such as nature and nurture of the situation.1. What differences separate self-concept from self-esteem?2. What are the theoretical perspectives on self-concept and self-esteem?3. How can caregivers facilitate childrens development in these areas?The development of the self in early and middle childhood encompasses the growth of independent ideas and goals, which veer from expectations of the primitive role models, the process where developments of social comparisons are made reflects ones self-concept, however, self-esteem refers to the way an individual perceives themselves through self evaluation both are vital to social development and can be positively or negatively influenced by caregivers.Wha t differences separate self-concept from self-esteem?The term self-concept refers to the perception regarding what one is like as an individual, and that individuals identity. The self-concept allows individuals to identify with specific characteristics of the self that allow them to differ from other individuals. For instance, a response to a question exemplifying ones individual strengths reflects ones self-concept, or identity. The development of self-concept is primarily used to reflect strengths perceived by an individual about his or her self that are used to provide meaning to their actions and purpose in life. In children, self-concepts may not be accurate an individuals self-concept changes throughout life, this is dependant upon changes in a cultures views regarding others outside of their own, changes involving state institutions, and products of other societal and environmental influences. According to research prove by William W. Purkry, author of An Overview of Self-C oncept possible action for Counselors. Highlights An ERIC/CAPS Digest Self-concept is learned. As far as we know, no one is born with a self-concept. It gradually emerges in the early months of life and is shaped and reshaped through repeated perceived experiences, particularly with significant others. (Purkey, 1988)The term self-esteem refers to an individuals overall and distinct positive and negative self-evaluation. Many important developments on an individuals self-esteem transpire during middle childhood. Throughout this phase, children experience the maturation of Internal standards. Which is often times the reason that children progressively compare themselves to others. For the majority of children, self-esteem increases as the transition from early childhood to middle childhood takes place. Feelings of inadequacy that relate to an individuals capacity to do most things takes place when that individuals self-esteem is negative.What are the theoretical perspectives on self- concept and self-esteem?There are a multitude of theoretical perspectives that give possible explanation to functions of self-concept and self-esteem. The Educational Resources Information center (ERIC) provides a publication of An Overview of Self-Concept Theory for Counselors, which identifies some of the influential theorists that have contributed to theories of self-concept.By far the most influential and eloquent voice in self-concept theory was that of Carl Rogers (1947) who introduced an entire system of helping built around the importance of the self. In Rogers view, the self is the central ingredient in human personality and personal adjustment. Rogers set onwards the self as a social product, developing out of interpersonal relationships and striving for consistency. He maintained that there is a basic human need for positive regard both from others and from oneself. He also believed that in every person there is a tendency towards self-actualization and development so l ong as this is permitted and encouraged by an inviting environment. (p. 2)Some of the other theoretical perspectives of self-concept and self-esteem in development include Piagets stages of cognitive development, Erik Eriksons psychosocial development, Carl Rogers conception of self, Vygotskys approach to cognitive development, Lawrence Kohlbergs development of social learning and moral reasoning, and Abraham Maslows theories on personality. humanistic psychologist, Carl Rogers theorized that the self was divided into two parts, the satisfying self and the ideal self. An article written by Herb Stevenson for Natural Passages, states the flowing of the ideal self vs. the real self.The ideal self is some fantasy that we carry around as a measure of what we might be if the fairy god mother ever shows up. Often, this is a picture of life, our life, that we have changed very little since childhood. By taking the time to really examine the depth of the ideal self, we see indirectly how w e have judged or dismissed whom we are. The real self is a comparison to that ideal self. It is a description of who am I, really, right now. By comparing the ideal with the real, we demoralise to see the gaps in perception we have created, the judgments we have made about ourselves, and the gaps that could be checking us from fully bread and butter our lives in the moment as the person that we truly are. (para. 3)The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill defines the concept of representational mapping as the followingRepresentational mapping can be described as the self-descriptions that are logical connections among components that can be made primarily concrete, overly positive, and all or nothing. They contain concrete and abstract components, more pragmatic (but still always positive above average effect) shades of grey (Steps in self development).How can caregivers facilitate childrens development in these areas?The importance of promoting the development of a health y self-esteem in children is an environmental influence on behavior that is greatly affected by parenting techniques. Parents and caregivers can facilitate childrens development in the areas of self-concept and self-esteem through childrearing styles. The most effective way to do so is through the implementation of authoritative childrearing techniques. Authoritative parents have the perfect balance of emotional support, warm and loving qualities yet, they set clear boundaries for behavior. Certain techniques of parenting have turn out to result in negative effects on a childs self-esteem. For instance, Authoritarian parents are extremely controlling and there word is the law, there is no toleration for expression of disagreement. Authoritarian parents enforce strict methods of discipline and punishment that negatively reenforce behaviors of that child, which is likely to result in an increase of the unwanted behaviors occurring again under the same circumstances. The use of posit ive and negative reinforcers when applied straight-lacedly has been a proven method of modifying behaviors. The U.K. site Kids Behaviour provides useful information on how to properly apply positive and negative sustenance to promote desired behavioral responses (Morrisey, 2008). Applying the childrearing approaches of reinforcement to daily activities can facilitate the development of both a positive self-esteem and self-concept.In the 2009 publication, Anderson, Hughes, and Fuemmeler addressed some of the specific issues that surround parental attitudes and child activity.The objective of this study examined the parental attitudes on children based on the particular types and levels of intensity in physical activity that children engaged in, which could give explanation to the gender differences associated with these activities, in addition to the evaluation of physical engagement serving as a mechanism to shorten time spent engaged in in vigorous behaviors. A design of a commu nity sample with participants, which included, 681 parents and 433 children of the mean age of 9.9 geezerhood conveyed the importance of activities such as moderate to vigorous intensity levels in the areas of team an individual activities including, sports, physical activity and business firm chores. (p. 428) As Anderson et al. (2009) conducted their evaluations separate structural models were used to determine factors that differed between boys and girls in relation to parental attitudes and physical activity.Separate structural models (LISREL 8.7) for girls and boys tested whether parental attitudes were related to child TV and computer via child attitudes, sport team participation, and physical activity, controlling for demographic factors. main Outcome Measures Child 7-day physical activity, sport teams, weekly TV, computer. Results Parent- child attitude congruence was more prevalent among boys, and attitudes varied by ethnicity, parent education, and number of children. i mperious parent- child attitudes for vigorous team sports were related to increased team participation and physical activity, as well as reduced TV and computer in boys and girls. Value of moderate intensity household chores, such as cleaning house and doing laundry, was related to decreased team participation and increased TV in boys. Only organized team sports, not general physical activity, was related to reduced TV and computer. Conclusion Results support parents role in socializing childrens proceeding task values, affecting child activity by transferring specific attitudes. Value of vigorous intensity sports provided the most benefits to activity and reduction of sedentary behavior, while valuing household chores had unexpected negative effects. (p. 428)Sexual Behaviors of Adolescents and the Associated RisksThe adolescent years are characterized by the development of ones personal sense of identity. During this phase a transition from middle childhood to early adulthood take s place. In these years, young adults entering puberty explore an array of sexual behaviors that will play a role in shaping their sexual identities. With the exploration of such sexual behaviors follows the risk of sexually patrimonial diseases and teenage pregnancy.1. What associated risks are involved with sexual behaviors in adolescents?2. What are the statistics of sexually transmitted diseases among teens?3. What are the statistics of pregnancies among teens?As middle-childhood transitions into the adolescent years an array of physical, cognitive and social changes take place, these are main contributors to the sexual behaviors explored individuals in their adolescent years, however, there are associated risks with connected with these sexual behaviors that include, contraction of sexually transmitted diseases and teen pregnancy.What associated risks are involved with sexual behaviors in adolescents?The exploration of risingly discovered sexual desires among adolescents come with repercussions. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted contagions (STIs) are common among teens. Another primary concern that surrounds the engagement of sexual activity in teens is the possibility of becoming pregnant. Precautionary measures to ensure safety when acting upon sexual urges and needs must be taken into consideration before any sexual contact is to occur. The enforcement of sex-ed in many public schools throughout the U.S decreases the chances of individuals acting upon sexual desires without first examining the risks, and increases likeliness of the use of condoms and other contraceptives.What are the statistics of sexually transmitted diseases among U.S. teens?One of the largest concerns surrounding the sexual voyages of adolescents is the threat of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Prepared by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, division of Health and Human Services, The Executive Summary, part of the Workshop Summary Scientific Evidence on Condom Effectiveness for Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Prevention states thatRecently, a number of Federal agencies sponsored a workshop to answer the following question What is the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of latex male condom-use to prevent STD transmission during vaginal intercourse? This workshop was attended by 180 persons, and the data from numerous peer-reviewed published studies were discussed. Following the workshop, a panel of 28 experts worked to develop this report. (p. 1)In the United States, more than 65 million individuals are living with an STD, themajority of which are incurable viral infections. Approximately 15 million new sexually transmitted infections occur annually in the U.S. In the United States, approximately 493,000 individuals have died from AIDS, and 800,000-900,000 peopleare living with HIV disease. (p. 1)AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME) i s one of the primary causes of death among youth. AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease that is induced by the HIV virus. There is no known cure for the disease. A basic list of facts regarding the contraction of the HIV virus was provided by, the Palo Alto Medical Foundation.HIV can be passed from person to person if someone with HIV infection has sex with or shares drug injection needles with another person. It also can be passed from a mother to her baby when she is pregnant, when she delivers the baby, or if she breast-feeds her baby. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is found in blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. HIV is spread most often by having sex without using a condom, or by sharing needles. People can be infected with HIV without knowing it. An HIV test is the only way to know for sure. There are treatments that help people with HIV keep healthier, but there is still no cure. Choosing not to have sex and never sharing needles are good ways to protect yourself . Practicing safer sex meat always using a new condom with a water-based lubricant. You cannot get HIV from shaking hands, water fountains, bathrooms or eating utensils. (Alto, 2010)In 2009, 46% of laid-back school students had ever had sexual intercourse, and 14% of high school students had had four or more sex partners during their life.1In 2009, 34% of currently sexually active high school students did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse.1In 2002, 11% of males and females aged 15-19 had engaged in anal sex with someone of the opposite sex 3% of males aged 15-19 had had anal sex with a male.2In 2002, 55% of males and 54% of females aged 15-19 had engaged in oral sex with someone of the opposite sex.2In 2006, an estimated 5,259 young people aged 13-24 in the 33 states reporting to CDC were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, representing about 14% of the persons diagnosed that year.3Each year, there are approximately 19 million new STD infections, and almost half of them are amo ng youth aged 15 to 24.4In 2002, 12% of all pregnancies, or 757,000, occurred among adolescents aged 15-19.5 (Rowe, 2010)What are the pregnancies statistics among U.S. teens?An epidemic surrounding teenage pregnancy has emerged in America every day in the U.S. a high volume of adolescents give birth. The statistics of teen pregnancy seem to appear much lower in other industrialized nations. teenages in the U.S. are likely to use birth control. The slimness that surrounds the practice of premarital sex in the U.S. can be rooted to a lack of sex education. According to the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, teen pregnancy among girls between the ages of 15-19 have shown trends that have decreased by 37 percent between 1988 and 2005. However, the teen pregnancy rate between 2005 and 2006 increased 3 percent.Proper sex education has proven to be one of the most effective measures of reducing the risks among youth of contracting STDs and teenage pregnancy. Promo ting proper awareness through sex education provides individuals with the information needed to practice the measures of safe sex (Henshaw, 2010).Life Expectancy CalculationsAccording to the calculations provided by MSNs life apprehension calculator, my approximate life expectancy is 86 years of age. The positive and negative factors of my lifestyle were examined. (Msn, 2011)1. What lifestyle modifications can be made to increase my longevity?2. Who are the youngest and oldest people you have known, and what lifestyle choices attributed to their longevity?A variety of important developmental components of physical and mental health are main attributers to the longevity of ones aliveness, some of these factors depend on levels of stress, personality type, engagement in physical activity, in addition to, a variety of behavioral and genetic predispositions that are theorized to influence the human lifespan.What lifestyle modifications can be made to increase my longevity?Stress has a large impact on health factors that include, personality type. Type A personalities are believed to be more prone to the disposition of heart disease. Listed below are some of the personality traits of type A and type B personalities, provided by the website changingminds.org, which provides further information in regard to these associated health issues.The Type A personality generally lives at a higher stress level. This is driven byThey enjoy achievement of goals, with greater enjoyment in achieving of more ticklish goals. They are thus constantly working hard to achieve these.They find it difficult to stop, even when they have achieved goals.They feel the pressure of time, constantly working flat out.They are highly competitive and will, if necessary create competition.They hate failure and will work hard to avoid it.They are generally pretty fit and often well-educated (a result of their anxiety).The Type B personality generally lives at a lower stress level and are typically They work steadily, enjoying achievements but not becoming stressed when they are not achieved.When faced with competition, they do not mind losing and either enjoy the game or back down.They may be creative and enjoy exploring ideas and concepts.They are often reflective, thinking about the outer and inner worlds (Type A and type B).Unfortunately I carry more characteristics of the type A personality, which predisposes me to such health complications later in life that are associated with type A personalities. Although, I cannot change my entire personality, there are, however, certain behavioral modification techniques I can apply to everyday life to reduce specific stressors. I carry certain tendencies that border obsessive-compulsive behaviors, which is a common characteristic of type A personalities. These obsessive behaviors are stressors that can be controlled through behavior modification techniques, such as cognitive behavioral therapy.Who are the youngest and oldest people you have known, and what lifestyle choices attributed to their longevity?The longest living individual I have known personally would have to be my great-grandmother on my fathers side who lived to the age of 87, which is close to the approximation of my life according to the lifespan calculator. She was always a physically active individual that enjoyed the simplicities in life. Her laidback attitude leads me to say that she had a type B personality.The youngest person in my life that has died was caused by something that could have been prevented. I was a small child at the time, but twenty-eight year old Mark, my fathers closest friend suffered from an addiction to diacetylmorphine that engulfed his entire existence. His addiction caused him to contract the HIV virus, which soon after turned into full-blown AIDS that facilitated the slow deterioration leading to his death less than two years after contracting the virus. It is unknown whether he contracted the virus through sharin g of needles, or having unprotected sex. Thee use of hard narcotics such as heroin would have eventually lead to death if measures were not taken to control the addiction. However, the lifestyles often associated with drug addicts follow a set of lifestyle influences put forth by peers. Addicts often associated with addicts and share things like needles and engage in unprotected sex, which is an unfortunate cause of death affecting many individuals that suffer from such disorders as drug addiction.

Why Education is Important :: Education

Many students around the world today focus mainly one thing while they are in school Career and income, just how do you achieve that? How does one get the career they want and the income they yearn? The answer is development several countries are known for their exceptional performance in academics and the ram related to their education. Among those countries are China, India and Japan. These three countries share a lot in common exceptionally bright students and a very rigorous education system that showers students with pressure sensation from parents to perform exceptional in school. Anita Desai, who is the author of Studies in the Park, shows us how the much education is important in India. Studies in the Park is close a young man named Suno. Suno is ready to apply for college, but before he goes into college, he must pass the entrance exams for his college. Suno undergoes pressure from his parents to study toughened and pass the entrance exams. Suno is always remin ded from his parents that he expects good results from him and he should just be studying. Suno starts to get fed up with all the talks and his loud home, so he tries and find a new place to go and study The Park. At the park he meets other students who are just like him deteriorate of all the noise at home and fed up from their parents nagging at them to study. Anita Desais Studies in the Park undoubtedly connects with the importance of education worldwide, pressure placed on students for education and the pressure for incentives offered for education globally. Many students are constantly faced with the same problem everyday Education. Desai showed emphasis on the pressure that students from India face and how expectations rise every year. Desais story may have been a replica of her very own young life because she focused on ones own belief in education and the freedom to choose for ones own future career. Firstly, Students that are living in highly populated countries understan d the importance of education far greater than students that are living in countries with extra amenities and a lot of neighborhoods. In Desais Studies in the Park, the main character Suno was always told by his parents that education was thought that Sunos parents had is very similar to Obamas thoughts.